Convergence Comparison of the CMA and ICA for Blind Polarization Demultiplexing

Abstract

Abstract-An algorithm based on independent component analysis for blind polarization demultiplexing in a coherent transmission system is presented. A comparison with the constant modulus algorithm in terms of the convergence properties is performed, and it is found that the suggested algorithm has a significantly faster convergence rate and does not have any singularity problems. We also demonstrate that the algorithm convergence is strongly dependent on the choice of starting condition and show how this can be exploited to increase the convergence rate.

Modulation Format Independent Joint Polarization and Phase Tracking for Coherent Receivers

“…The convergence rate of the three algorithms can be improved by parallelization [33], where the computations are performed for a number of different initial matrices in parallel and the best candidate is chosen at a later stage.…”

Blind Equalization in Optical Communications Using Independent Component Analysis

“…In this paper we extend the work of [8]- [10] by considering the use of ICA not only for polarization demultiplexing, but also for the equalization of channel polarization impairments induced by PMD and PDL. To achieve that we extended the basic single-tap ICA algorithm of [11] to accommodate multi-tap operation [12], and integrated the simulation of the multi-tap ICA-equipped receiver with a detailed model of the link PMD [13] and PDL [14].…”

“…In [8] it has been shown by Zhang et al that ICA solves the converge-to-the-same-source problem of CMA while maintaining similar polarization tracking capabilities. In [9], Xie et al have shown that ICA can be used for blind demultiplexing of 16-QAM polarization multiplexed signals, and in a recent paper by Johannisson et al [10] the use of ICA was proposed for arbitrary constellations with multiple amplitude levels and was shown to significantly outperform CMA in terms of convergence rates.…”

Performance analysis of a family of adaptive blind equalization algorithms for square-QAM

“…Since 2008 [28], CMA2-2 and its variants have become the most experimented algorithms for blind polarization demultiplexing [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. In [37], authors have compared CMA2-2 with an independent component analysis (ICA) based algorithm to demultiplex the polarization adaptively. Recently in [38][39][40][41][42][43], authors have used MMA2-2 and its variants as a joint adaptive solution for blind demultiplexing and carrier phase recovery in coherent optical system.…”