Controlled shallow single-ion implantation in silicon using an active substrate for sub-20-keV ions

Jamieson, David N.; Yang, C. H.; Hopf, T.; Hearne, S.M.; Pakes, C. I.; Prawer, S.; Mitic, M.; Gauja, E.; Andresen, S. E.; Hudson, Fay E.; Dzurak, A. S.; Clark, Robert G.

doi:10.1063/1.1925320

Cited by 204 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is demanding, but we note that Q ∼ 10 7 has been achieved in silicon-on-silica photonic-bandgap cavities [28], although we stress that complete modeling is necessary to precisely determine the required geometry. If the diamond substrate is ultra-purity Type IIa (low nitrogen) diamond, individual NV centres can be implanted using single-ion implantation techniques [27,29]. Finally we note that the resonance frequencies for the photonic bandgap cavities will be extremely difficult to tune post-creation, however the Stark effect can be used to tune the NV centres as required [30] to allow an exploration (either statically or dynamically) of the phase space shown in Fig.…”

Section: Potential Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum phase transitions of light

et al. 2006

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Recently, condensed matter and atomic experiments have reached a length-scale and temperature regime where new quantum collective phenomena emerge. Finding such physics in systems of photons, however, is problematic, as photons typically do not interact with each other and can be created or destroyed at will. Here, we introduce a physical system of photons that exhibits strongly correlated dynamics on a meso-scale. By adding photons to a two-dimensional array of coupled optical cavities each containing a single two-level atom in the photon-blockade regime, we form dressed states, or polaritons, that are both long-lived and strongly interacting. Our zero temperature results predict that this photonic system will undergo a characteristic Mott insulator (excitations localised on each site) to superfluid (excitations delocalised across the lattice) quantum phase transition. Each cavity's impressive photon out-coupling potential may lead to actual devices based on these quantum manybody effects, as well as observable, tunable quantum simulators.The Jaynes-Cummings [1] model is arguably the most important model for understanding light-matter interactions. It describes the interaction of a single, quasiresonant optical cavity field with a two-level atom. The coupling between the atom and the photons leads to optical nonlinearities and an effective photon-photon repulsion. Perhaps the most extreme demonstration of this photonic repulsion is photon blockade, demonstrated recently by Birnbaum et al. [2], where photonic repulsion prevents more than one photon from being in the cavity at any one time. Photon blockade was initially theoretically described with a four-state system [3], with multiplication of the weak Kerr nonlinearity effected by placing a large number of atoms within each cavity. However, it was quickly realised that the photonic blockade mechanism does not persist in the limit of many atoms [4], rapidly degrading as the number of atoms per cavity is increased [5]. Later Rebic et al. showed that the nonlinear interaction afforded by placing a single two-level atom inside a cavity would suffice for realising photon blockade [6]. This observation was highly significant as it allowed the full weight of the Jaynes-Cummings model to be used to attack and understand this problem.To create an atom-photon system whose dynamics mirror those traditionally associated with strongly interacting condensed matter systems, we consider a twodimensional array of photonic bandgap cavities. Each cavity contains a single two-level atom, quasi-resonant with the cavity mode. Evanescent coupling between the cavities due to their proximity allows inter-cavity photon hopping. This configuration is depicted schematically in Fig. 1(a), where we have explicitly chosen three nearest neighbours per cavity (coordination number z = 3), for reasons explained below. Because we are considering small cavities, with volumes of order λ 3 where λ is the wavelength of the light, there will be strong atom-photon couplings that will dominate over the...

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Section: Potential Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum phase transitions of light

et al. 2006

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“…All measurements were performed with a magnetic field B 0 = 1.77 T, in a dilution refrigerator with electron temperature T el ≈ 250 mK. This work follows from previous experiments where the electron [2] and nuclear [3] spins of a single 31 P donor were detected using a compact nanoscale device [14] consisting of ion-implanted phosphorus donors [15], tunnel-coupled to a silicon MOS single- …”

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Coherent Control of a SingleSi29Nuclear Spin Qubit

et al. 2014

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Magnetic fluctuations caused by the nuclear spins of a host crystal are often the leading source of decoherence for many types of solid-state spin qubit. In group-IV materials, the spin-bearing nuclei are sufficiently rare that it is possible to identify and control individual host nuclear spins. This work presents the first experimental detection and manipulation of a single 29 Si nuclear spin. The quantum non-demolition (QND) single-shot readout of the spin is demonstrated, and a Hahn echo measurement reveals a coherence time of T2 = 6.3(7) ms -in excellent agreement with bulk experiments. Atomistic modeling combined with extracted experimental parameters provides possible lattice sites for the 29 Si atom under investigation. These results demonstrate that single 29 Si nuclear spins could serve as a valuable resource in a silicon spin-based quantum computer.The presence of non-zero nuclear spins in a host crystal lattice is known to induce decoherence in a central spin qubit through mechanisms such as spectral diffusion [1]. This "nuclear bath" is the primary source of decoherence for 31 P electron and nuclear spin qubits in silicon [2,3], nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [4], as well as for GaAs-based quantum dot spin qubits [5,6]. However, for semiconductors composed of majority spin-zero isotopes (such as silicon and carbon), the low abundance of spin-carrying nuclei allows to resolve the hyperfine couplings of individual nuclei with a central electronic spin, permitting the detection and manipulation of single nuclear spins. This has led to the demonstration of a quantum register for the spin of a NV center in diamond, where the electronic spin state can be stored in individual nuclei [7] and read out in single shot [8]. Quantum error correction protocols have been implemented within these nuclear spin registers [9,10], showing their potential to implement surface-code based quantum computing architectures [11]. Natural silicon contains a 4.7% abundance of the spin-carrying (I = 1/2) 29 Si isotope which, in combination with a localized electron spin, could in principle be used as quantum register or ancilla qubit equivalently to 13 C in NV-diamond. In addition, the 29 Si nuclear spin has itself been championed as a quantum bit in an "allsilicon" quantum computer [12,13].Here we present the first experimental demonstration of single-shot readout, coherent control, and measurement of the coherence properties of an individual 29 Si nuclear spin in natural Si. All measurements were performed with a magnetic field B 0 = 1.77 T, in a dilution refrigerator with electron temperature T el ≈ 250 mK. This work follows from previous experiments where the electron [2] and nuclear [3] spins of a single 31 P donor were detected using a compact nanoscale device [14] consisting of ion-implanted phosphorus donors [15], tunnel-coupled to a silicon MOS single- electron transistor (SET) [16]. Spin control was achieved through microwave and RF excitations generated by an arXiv:1408.1347v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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“…1 In particular, the nitrogen vacancy (NV -) center in diamond is a candidate for deterministic single photon generation 2 and a promising candidate for solid-state spinbased quantum computing using diamond. 3 Several proof-of-principle experiments including single spin readout 4 , spin coherence lifetime measurements 5 and two qubit quantum gate operations 6 have been demonstrated recently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Implantation of labelled single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond using N15

Rabeau

Reichart

Tamanyan

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV -) color centers in diamond were created by implantation of 7 keV 15 N (I = ½) ions into type IIa diamond. Optically detected magnetic resonance was employed to measure the hyperfine coupling of the NV -centers. The hyperfine spectrum from 15 NV -arising from implanted 15 N can be distinguished from 14 NVcenters created by native 14 N (I = 1) sites. Analysis indicates 1 in 40 implanted 15 N atoms give rise to an optically observable 15 NV -center. This report ultimately demonstrates a mechanism by which the yield of NV -center formation by nitrogen implantation can be measured.

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Controlled shallow single-ion implantation in silicon using an active substrate for sub-20-keV ions

Cited by 204 publications

References 16 publications

Quantum phase transitions of light

Quantum phase transitions of light

Coherent Control of a SingleSi29Nuclear Spin Qubit

Implantation of labelled single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond using N15

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