Controlled Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A New Strategy for the Discovery of Antimicrobial Peptides

Abstract

The use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an alternative to traditional antibiotics. AMPs are obtained using different methods such as bacterial synthesis, chemical synthesis and controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. The later is an interesting approach that deserves our attention because of the yields gathered and peptides engineered. Usually, activities of AMPs obtained in such a way are tightly dependent on the hydrolysis mechanism used. This paper deals with the hydrolysis of hemoglobin mechanism as a potential source of AMPs. Production of AMPs from hemoglobin using enzymatic controlled system is linked to hemoglobin structure. Further, we show that bovine hemoglobin, which is sensitive to peptic hydrolysis, results upon enzymatic digestion as a great source of AMPs. The hemoglobin in native and denatured states was hydrolyzed by "one-by-one" and "zipper" mechanisms, respectively. Nevertheless, a new mechanism named "semi-zipper" mechanism is obtained when protein is in molten globule structural state, constituting an original strategy for AMPs production. Seventy seven percentage of the peptides obtained by this new strategy showed antibacterial activity against nine strains.

Bioactive Peptides

“…Controlled pepsin hydrolysis of haemoglobin yielded the AMPs VLSAADKGNVKAAWGKVGGHAAEYGAEALERMF, ASHLPSDFTPAVHASLDKFLANVSTVLTSKYR and VLSAADKGNVKAAWGKVGGHAAEYGAEALERMFLSF. The peptides showed strong inhibition against Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus simulants [168,169]. …”

Antilisterial Peptides Released by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Grass Carp Proteins and Activity on Controlling L. monocytogenes Inoculated in Surimi Noodle

“…The same substrate protein dealt with different protease, may produce AMPs with different bioactivity. For instance, compared to the casein hydrolyzates obtained by trypsin, α‐carboxypeptidase, β‐carboxypeptidase, only the pepsin hydrolyzate showed antilisterial activity (Adje and others ; McCann and others ). Therefore, in order to generate desired AMPs fragments, screening the appropriate hydrolytic enzymes is necessary.…”

“…Enzymatic hydrolysis process is deemed to be the most promising method for producing AMPs, due to its mild reaction conditions, superior product quality and functionality (Xiao and others , ; Najafian and Babji ; Adje and others ; Wu and others ). Therefore, using fish proteins as the source to release the antilisterial peptides may be an effective way to produce a novel preservative.…”

Food Proteins and Bioactive Peptides

“…Similar results were observed in other studies, as well as with supplementation of Schizochytrium sp. [168,169].…”

“…Controlled pepsin hydrolysis of haemoglobin yielded the AMPs VLSAADKGNVKAAWGKVGGHAAEYGAEALERMF, ASHLPSDFTPAVHASLDKFLANVSTVLTSKYR and VLSAADKGNVKAAWGKVGGHAAEYGAEAL ERMFLSF. The peptides showed strong inhibition against Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus simulants [168,169].…”