Control of variable speed wind turbines: Design task

Leithead, W.E.; Connor, Barry

doi:10.1080/002071700417849

Cited by 166 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…In both cases, significant advances in turbine control have led to a situation where turbine developers are providing progressively less control power, so that control energy consumption is minimised. However, this reaction, in turn, leads to highly nonlinear control action, since the control signals are regularly saturating, increasing the control challenge still further [27]. Moreover, the main challenges of modelling and control for wind turbines and hydroelectric systems have been highlighted.…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts

Simani¹,

Turhan²

2017

Preprint

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Increasingly, there is a focus on utilising renewable energy resources in a bid to fulfil increasing energy requirements and mitigate the climate change impacts of fossil fuels. While most renewable resources are free, the technology used to usefully convert such resources is not and there is an increasing focus on improving the conversion economy and efficiency. To this end, advanced control technologies can have a significant impact and is already a relatively mature technology for wind turbines. Though hydroelectric plants can use simple regulation systems, significant benefits have been shown to accrue from the appropriate use of the same control methods designed for wind turbine plants. This represents the key point of the paper. In fact, to date, the application communities connected with wind and hydraulic energies have had little communication, resulting in little cross fertilisation of control ideas and experience, particularly from the more mature wind area to hydrodynamic systems. Therefore, this paper examines the models and the application of control technology across both domains, both from a comparative and contrasting point of view, with the aim of identifying commonalities in models and control objectives, as well as potential solutions. Key comparative reference points include the articulation of the exployed models, specification of control objectives, development of high-fidelity simulators, and development of solution concepts. Not least, in terms of realistic system requirements are the set of physical and constraints under which such renewable energy systems must operate, and the need to provide reliable and robust control solutions, which respect the often remote and relatively inaccessible location of many onshore and offshore deployments.

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Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts

Simani¹,

Turhan²

2017

Preprint

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“…On the other hand, they can reduce structural fatigue and therefore increase the lifetime of the wind turbine. There are several methods for wind turbine control ranging from classical control methods [1] which are the most used methods in real applications, to advanced control methods which have been the focus of research in the past few years [2]; gain scheduling [3] [5], nonlinear control [6], robust control [7], model predictive control [8], µ-Synthesis design [9] are just a few. Advanced model based control methods are thought to be the future of wind turbine control as they can conveniently employ new generations of sensors on wind turbines (e.g.…”

Section: A Wind Turbine Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust model predictive control of a wind turbine

Mirzaei

Poulsen

Niemann

2012

2012 American Control Conference (ACC)

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Abstract-In this work the problem of robust model predictive control (robust MPC) of a wind turbine in the full load region is considered. A minimax robust MPC approach is used to tackle the problem. Nonlinear dynamics of the wind turbine are derived by combining blade element momentum (BEM) theory and first principle modeling of the turbine flexible structure. Thereafter the nonlinear model is linearized using Taylor series expansion around system operating points. Operating points are determined by effective wind speed and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate this. In addition, a new sensor is introduced in the EKF to give faster estimations. Wind speed estimation error is used to assess uncertainties in the linearized model. Significant uncertainties are considered to be in the gain of the system (B matrix of the state space model). Therefore this special structure of the uncertain system is employed and a norm-bounded uncertainty model is used to formulate a minimax model predictive control. The resulting optimization problem is simplified by semidefinite relaxation and the controller obtained is applied on a full complexity, high fidelity wind turbine model. Finally simulation results are presented. First a comparison between PI and robust MPC is given. Afterwards simulations are done for a realization of turbulent wind with uniform profile based on the IEC standard.

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“…Energy capture limited by rotor speed constraints 3. Energy capture limited by generator rating (vi) Performance assessment Performance is measured as follows (the approach adopted is semi-empirical in view of the complex, stochastic nature of the wind disturbance; see Leithead & Connor 2000b). Time histories of the controlled system are collected for turbulent wind conditions with mean wind speeds V mean ∈{6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22,24} m/s.…”

Section: (V) Operational Requirementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in the design of switched linear control systems: A benchmark study

Leith¹,

Shorten

Leithead

et al. 2003

Adaptive Control & Signal

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Abstract:In this paper we present a tutorial overview of some of the issues that arise in the design of switched linear control systems. Particular emphasis is given to issues relating to stability and control system realisation. A benchmark regulation problem is then presented. This problem is most naturally solved by means of a switched control design. The challenge to the community is to design a control system that meets the required performance specifications and permits the application of rigorous analysis techniques. A simple design solution is presented and the limitations of currently available analysis techniques are illustrated with reference to this example. Introductory remarksRecent years have witnessed an enormous growth of interest in dynamic systems that are characterised by a mixture of both continuous and discrete dynamics. Such systems are commonly found in engineering practice and are referred to as hybrid or switching systems. The widespread application of such systems is motivated by ever increasing performance requirements, and by the fact that high performance control systems can be realised by switching between relatively simple LTI systems. However, the potential gain of switched systems is offset by the fact that the switching action introduces behaviour in the overall system that is not present in any of the composite subsystems. For example, it can be easily shown that switching between stable sub-systems may lead to instability or chaotic behaviour of the overall system, or that switching between unstable sub-systems may result in a stable overall system. In this paper we present a tutorial introduction to the design of switched linear systems. We begin by discussing how switching arises naturally in many situations. Examples include: the design of control systems for plants that are themselves characterised by switching action (i.e. plants with gears); the design of reconfigurable (fault tolerant) control systems; a switched controller that combines the advantages of several LTI controllers; and using switching to improve the transient response of adaptive control systems. We then discuss the issues in the design of such systems. Of primary practical importance are the issues of asymptotic stability, and issues concerning the realisation of switched linear controllers (and the associated transient response). Each of these issues is illustrated by means of simple illustrative examples.The final part of the paper presents a wind turbine regulation problem. This problem is can be solved using a switched linear controller; the challenge to the community is to design such a controller, while providing theoretical guarantees concerning the issues raised in the paper. A control design is presented which is characterised by a number of switches, and exhibits control performance that is superior to single LTI and non-linear control design. Unfortunately, while this control system works well, both in simulation, and in practice, no guarantees can be given regarding performance and 1 Corresp...

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Control of variable speed wind turbines: Design task

Cited by 166 publications

References 0 publications

Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts

Overview of Modelling and Control Strategies for Wind Turbines and Hydroelectric Systems: Comparisons and Contrasts

Robust model predictive control of a wind turbine

Issues in the design of switched linear control systems: A benchmark study

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