Control of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts on apatite‐coated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as an artificial articular cartilage material

Abstract

One of the key challenges in employing biomaterials is determining how to fix them into the surrounding tissue. To enhance the interaction with surrounding bone, amorphous hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto the surface of the bio-inert poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H), as an artificial cartilage material, by a pulsed laser deposition technique. Next we examined the binding effects of the HA thin film (300 nm thick) to the underlying bone using osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. A mouse osteoblast cell line, MC3T3E1, was cultured on the HA-coated and noncoated PVA-H with a water content of 33% or 53% for 3 weeks. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and levels of osteocalcin were evaluated for biocompatibility and differentiation. HA coating enhanced the cell proliferation, the ALP activity, and the levels of osteocalcin on both low and high water-content PVA-Hs. The cell growth rates on the PVA-H were lower than on tissue culture dishes even after the HA coating was added; however, osteoblastic differentiation was highly promoted by the HA coating on low water content PVA-H. These results suggested that the HA coating on the PVA-H enhanced the affinity between the bone and the PVA-H as an artificial cartilage material in surface replacement arthroplasty.

Development of strong and bioactive calcium phosphate cement as a light-cure organic–inorganic hybrid

“…11,13) show that the LCCPCs had no cytotoxic effect on osteoblasts and favorably, their composition and topographical features encourage proliferation of cells. The results is in agreement with literatures that demonstrates enhanced proliferation of osteoblasts on surfaces of HA-containing composites [40,41]. It reveals that the cement component influenced the metabolism of the osteoblasts.…”

<i>In vitro</i> study on the osteogenesis enhancement effect of BMP-2 incorporated biomimetic apatite coating on titanium surfaces

“…A sustained release of BMP-2 with enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation was achieved. The biomimetic coating obtained in this study was mainly composed of carbonated CaP, an essential inorganic part of hard tissues with osteo-conductive function [30][31][32] . Many studies have demonstrated that apatite coating can facilitate osteogenic differentiation, reduce fibrous encapsulation, and promote bone ingrowth [33][34][35] .…”

Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel coatings with tunable surface exposure of hydroxyapatite

“…For numbers of applications as implants in the osteo-articular system, both PVA and HA have exhibited good biocompatibility 15 , 22 , 42 , 43 . For PVA/HA composites, previous in vitro studies using different processes and particle sizes have shown that these systems do not cause a strong inflammatory response 44 - 46 and can even induce differentiation and proliferation of osteoblastic cells 6 , 8 , 47 . The prior studies do not demonstrate an optimal size, although we suspect grains on the order of 100 microns will leave pores suitable for osteoblast ingrowth.…”

“…For bone prosthetics, coating by osseoconductive ceramics has been shown to significantly improve the strength of the anchorage to bone 6 - 12 . How this approach can be applied to soft tissue substitutes currently motivates strong research efforts 6 - 8 , 13 - 16 . In particular, methods for coatings that contain bioceramics to enhance osseointegration while still adhering properly to the soft implant remains a challenge.…”

“…In particular, methods for coatings that contain bioceramics to enhance osseointegration while still adhering properly to the soft implant remains a challenge. Numerous systems have been developed that are composed of osseoconductive or inductive ceramic particles embedded in a biocompatible polymer matrix 6 - 8 , 11 , 17 - 19 . The exact requirements for the design of such coatings are still not well defined and depend on the implantation site.…”