Contributors

Abbott, Catherine A.; Abraham, Carmela R.; Adachi, Hideki; Adachi, Osao; Adam, Zach; Adams, Michael W. W.; Adang, Michael J.; Adham, Ibrahim M.; Aducci, Patrizia; Agard, David A.; Agranovsky, Alexey A.; Akamatsu, Tetsuya; Akiyama, Yoshinori; Albrechtsen, Reidar; Alejo, Alı́; Amberg, Sean M.; Amerik, Alexander Y.; Amparyup, Piti; Andrade, Felipe; Andrés, Germán; Andrews, Daniel M.; Andrews, Robert K.; Antalis, Toni M.; Anthony, Colin; Aoki, Naoya; Apte, Suneel S.; Arima, Kazunari; Arlaud, Gérard J.; Arni, R.K.; Arnoux, Pascal; Aronson, Nathan N.; Arthur, Michel; Asano, Yasuhisa; Ascenzi, Paolo; Assakura, Marina T.; Auld, David S.; Ávila, Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues; Avilés, Francesc X.; Awad, William M.; Bachhawat, Anand K.; Bai, Shan; Baird, Teaster; Bajaj, S. Paul; Baker, Susan; Bańbuła, Agnieszka; Barrett, Alan J.; Barrowman, Jemima; Bartlett, John; Bartsch, Jörg W.; Baschuk, Nikola; Baskova, I. P.; Batra, Jyotsna; Bauer, Karl; Baumann, Ulrich; Baumeister, Wolfgang; Bauvois, Cédric; Bayés, Àlex; Beauvais, Anne; Becker‐Pauly, Christoph; Begley, Tadhg P.; Békés, Miklós; Belas, Robert; Beleford, Daniah; Beppu, Teruhiko; Bergmann, Ernst M.; Bernard, Bruno; Bernard, Dominique; Berndt, Michael C.; Berruti, Giovanna; Berry, Colin; Bertenshaw, Greg P.; Berthou, Christian; Bhaskarla, Chetana; Bhosale, Manoj; Bierbaum, Gabriele; Jón, B. Bjarnason; Blaber, Michael; Blackman, Michael J.; Blinkovsky, Alexander M.; Boeke, Jef D.; Bogyo, Matthew; Bohn, Stefan; Boileau, Guy; Boland, Michael J.; Bolken, Tove’ C.; Bond, Judith S.; Bondeson, Jan; Bordallo, Javier; Borelli, Claudia; Botelho, Tiago O.; Bott, R.; Bourne, David G.; Bovenschen, Niels; Bradshaw, Ralph A.; Breddam, Klaus; Brew, Keith; Brindley, Paul J; Brinkman, Diane L.; Britton, Collette; Broadbent, Jeff R.; Broadhurst, Anne; Brómme, Dieter; Broom, Murray F.; Brown, Jeremy; Brown, Mark; Bruchhaus, Iris; Burleigh, Barbara A.; Burns, Kristin E.; Burrows, James F.; Butler, Michael J.; Buttle, David J.; Byrd, Chelsea M.; Byun, Tony; Cadel, Sandrine; Caffrey, Conor R.; Cal, Santiago; Caldentey, Javier; Candela, Thomas; Capasso, Clemente; Capriogilio, Daniel R.; Carginale, Vincenzo; Carmona, Adriana Karaoglanovic; Carruthers, Vern B.; Castellino, Francis J.; Catanese, Joseph J.; Caterson, Bruce; Caughey, George H.; Cawley, Naimh X.; Cawston, Tim E.; Cazzulo, Juán José; Chai, Jijie; Chai, Karl X.; Chaim, Olga Meiri; Chang, L.S.; Chao, Julie; Chapot‐Chartier, Marie‐Pierre; Charlí, Jean-Louis; Charlier, Paulette; Chave, Karen J.; Chen, Jianmin; Chen, Jinq-May; Chen, Limei; Chen, Yawen; Chen, Yu‐Yen; Chevrier, Bernard; Chich, Jean-François; Chien, Jeremy; Chimalapati, Suneeta; Cho, Ki Joon; Choi, Kwan Yong; Chuang, Woei‐Jer; Chung, Chin Ha; Chung, Ivy Yeuk Wah; Clamagirand, Christine; Clark, Ian M.; Clarke, Adrian K.; Clarke, Nicola E.; Clarke, Steven; Clauziat, Philippe; Clements, Judith A.; Coffinier, Catherine; Cohen, Paul R.; Colige, Alain; Collignon, Anne; Colloms, Sean D.; Conzelmann, Andreas; Coombs, Graham H.; Cooney, Jakki C.; Cooper, J.B.; Cooper, Max D.; Copeland, Nikki A.; Cottrell, Graeme S.; Coyle, Joseph T.; Craik, Charles S.; Creemers, John W.M.; Creţu, Daniela; Croce, Jenifer C.; Cross, Keith J.; Cueva, Rosario; Cui, Sheng; Cunha, Luís Miguel; Cutting, Simon M.; d’Enfert, Christophe; D’Orchymont, Hugues; Dahlbäck, Björn; Dai, Shujia; Dalbey, Ross E.; Dalton, John P.; Dando, Pam M.; Daniel, R.M.; Danilov, Sergei M.; Davies, Donna E.; Araujo, Heloisa S. De; Santos, Teresa De los; Luca, Viviana de; Meester, Ingrid De; Oliveira, Ana Karina de; Oliveira, Eduardo B.; Oliveira, Pedro Lagerblad De; Vos, Sarah de; Declercq, Jeroen; Declercq, Wim; Deghmane, Ala‐Eddine; Dekker, Niek; Prete, Sonia Del; Rosal, Marina Del; Delmas, Bernard; DeLotto, Robert; Demidyuk, Ilya V.; Denison, Mark R.; Deussing, Jan M.; Devi, Lakshmi A.; Diamandis, Eleftherios P.; Dı́az, Isabel; Díaz‐Perales, Araceli; Dijkstra, Bauke W.; Ding, Yan; Dixon, Jack E.; Dodt, Johannes; Dokland, Terje; Dolenc, Iztok; Dong, Ningzheng; Dong, Tran Cat; Dong, Ying; Dongre, Mitesh; Donovan, Mark; Dore, Timothy M.; Dorstyn, Loretta; Dou, Haoran; Dou, Zhicheng; Dougall, Annette M.; Drąg, Marcin; Dudley, Edward G.; Dunn, Ben M.; Dupuy, Bruno; Duque-Magalhāes, Maria Conceicāo; Durá, M. Asunción; Eeckhout, Yves; Eijsink, Vincent G. H.; Eisen, Arthur Z.; Eissa, Azza; Eklund, Sandra; Eletr, Ziad M.; Ellis, Vincent; Engel, Wolfgang; Erdös, Ervin G.; Escalante, Teresa; Estell, David A.; Etscheid, Michael; Evans, Herbert J.; Everett, Roger D.; Faesen, Alex C.; Fahrenholz, Falk; Fanjul-Fernández, Miriam; Farady, Christopher J.; Feller, Georges; Hong, Feng; Fenster, Kurt M.; Férec, Claude; Ferrari, Silvia; Fingleton, Barbara; Fisher, Jed F.; Fives-Taylor, Paula; Fong, Loren G.; Forneris, F.; Forster, Brian M.; Förster, Friedrich; Foster, Simon J.; Foulon, Thierry; Foundling, Stephen I.; Fox, Jay W.; Franzetti, Bruno; Frasch, Alejandra P.; Freeze, Hudson H.; Frère, Jean‐Marie; Frey, Teryl K.; Fricke, Beate; Fricker, Lloyd D.; Fridman, Rafael; Froelich, Christopher J.; Fröhlich, Camilla; Fu, Hsueh-Liang; Fuhrmann, Cynthia N.; Fujimura, Shigefumi; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Fukushima, Jun; Fukuyama, Keiichi; Fuller, Robert S.; Fusek, Martin; Gaboriaud, Christine; Gache, Christian; Gakh, Oleksandr; Gál, Péter; Gao, Junjun; García‐Sastre, Adolfo; Gardiner, Donald L.; Gatehouse, John A.; Gaucher, G.M.; Gauthier, Francis; Ghuysen, Jean‐Marie; Gibson, Wade; Gillies, Jennifer; Glaser, Elzbieta; Glaser, Fabian; Glickman, Michael H.; Goettig, Peter; Goffin, Colette; Gohda, Eiichi; Goldberg, Alfred L.; Goldberg, Daniel E.; Goldberg, Gregory I.; Goldfarb, Nathan E.; Gomis-Rüth, F.X.; Gopal, B.; Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Gordon, Stuart G.; Gorrell, Mark D.; Götz, Friedrich; Goulas, Theodoros; Gouzy-Darmon, Cécile; Govind, K.; Gráf, László; Granados, Robert R.; Gräwert, Melissa Ann; Gray, Douglas A.; Graycar, Thomas P.; Green, Jonathan A.; Gremski, Luiza Helena; Groll, M.; Gromova, Tania Yu; Gros, P.; Grubman, Marvin J.; Grunden, Amy M.; Guðmundsdóttir, Ágústa; Guinand, Micheline; Gully, Djamel; Gustchina, Alla; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Ha, Byung Hak; Haeggström, Jesper Z.; Hageman, James H.; Haiko, Johanna; Hailfinger, Stephan; Haitchi, Hans Michael; Han, Ji Seon; Hanquez, Chantal; Harada, Masaru; Hara‐Nishimura, Ikuko; Harboe, Marianne; Härd, Torleif; Harris, David A.; Hassiepen, Ulrich; Hata, Shoji; Hattori, Akira; He, Rong; Heck, Albert J. R.; Hendricks, Dirk F.; Henrich, Bernhard; Henriet, Patrick; Hernández‐Arana, Andrés; Herrera‐Camacho, Irma; Heussipp, Gerhard; Hibino, Toshihiko; Hicks, P.M.; Hillman, Bradley I.; Hiraoka, B. Yukihiro; Hiratake, Jun; Hizukuri, Yohei; Ho, Heng-Chien; Hoa, Ngo Thi; Hochstrasser, Mark; Hodge, Kathryn M.; Hofmann, Theo; Höhn, Thomas; Hoidal, John R.; Höltje, Joachim‐Volker; Homma, Koichi J.; Honek, John F.; Hook, Vivian; Hooper, John D.; Hooper, Nigel M.; Hosoi, Kazuo; Howe, Christopher J.; Hruby, Dennis E.; Hseih, James J.-D.; Hsu, Chun‐Chieh; Huang, Tony T.; Huang, Tur-Fu; Huet, Yoann; Hughes, Claire E.; Hugonnet, Jean-Emmanuel; Huston, Adrienne L.; Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma; Ichishima, Eiji; Ikehara, Yukio; Inagami, Tadashi; Ingram, Jessica R.; Isaac, R.E.; Isaya, Grazia; Isaza, Clara E.; Ishii, Shin‐ichi; Isnard, Amandine; Itō, Kiyoshi; Ito, Koreaki; Itoh, Yoshifumi; Iturrioz, Xavier; Iwanaga, Sadaaki; Jack, Ralph W.; Jackson, Mel C.; James, Michael N.G.; Janata, Jiřı́; Janoir, Claire; Jańska, Hanna; Jarrell, Ken F.; Jaskólski, M.; Jaswal, Sheila S.; Jean, Ying Y.; Jenne, Dieter E.; Jeon, Young Joo; Jiang, Ping; Johnson, John E.; Johnson, Michael D.; Johnston, James A.; Jones, Amanda; Jones, Elizabeth W.; Joudiou, Carine; Juliano, Luiz; Jung, Hea-Jin; Jupp, Ray; Kagawa, Todd F.; Kalbacher, Hubert; Kamata, Yoichi; Kaminogawa, Shuichi; Kamio, Yoshiyuki; Kaneda, Makoto; Kang, Sung Gyun; Kang, Sung Hwan; Kania, Mary; Kantyka, Tomasz; Kanzawa, Nobuyuki; Karim, Abdulkarim Yasin; Kasumi, Takafumi; Kataoka, Hiroaki; Kaur, Hardeep; Kawabata, Shun-ichiro; Kawaguchi, Mari; Kay, John; Kaynar, Murat; Keiler, Kenneth C.; Kelly, R.M.; Kenton, Nathaniel T.; Kerr, Michael A.; Kersse, Kristof; Kervinen, Jukka; Kessler, Benedikt M.; Kessler, Efrat; Khoronen, Timo K.; Kidd, Simon; Kikkert, Marjolein; Kilian, Mogens; Kim, Do-Hyung; Kim, Doyoun; Kim, Eunice EunKyeong; Kim, In Seop; Kim, Jung‐Gun; Kim, Kyeong Kyu; Kim, Kyung Hyun; Kimber, Matthew S.; Kimura, Yukio; Kirschke, Heidrun; Kiso, Yoshiaki; Kleanthous, Colin; Klein, Jürgen; Klemba, Michael; Kmiec, Beata; Kobayashi, Hideyuki; Kodama, Hiroyuki; Koelsch, Gerald; Kok, Jan; Kolattukody, P.E.; Kolb, Fabrice A.; Kolmar, Harald; Komori, Yumiko; Konvalinka, Jan; Korkmaz, Brice; Kostrov, Sergey V.; Kräusslich, Hans‐Georg; Krczal, Gabi; Kress, Lawrence F.; Kristjánsson, Magnüs Már; Kučera, Tomáš; Kukday, Sayali S.; Kumagai, Hidehiko; Kumar, Sharad; Kumarasiri, Malika; Kumazaki, Takashi; Kümmerer, Beate M.; Kuno, Kouji; Kurkinen, Markku; Kutějová, Eva; Kveiborg, Marie; Kwarciak, Agnieszka; Laakkonen, Liisa; Labrou, Nikolaos E.; Laing, G.D.; Lamppa, Gayle K.; Langer, Thomas; Laursen, Richard A.; Lawrenson, Richard A.; Layne, Matthew D.; Bonniec, Bernard F. Le; Leal, María Celeste; Lechan, Ronald M.; Lee, David H.; Lee, Irene; Lee, Jae; Lee, Kye Joon; Lee, Soohee; Lei, Xiaobo; Leis, Jonathan; LeMosy, Ellen K.; Lepage, Thierry; Leppla, Stephen H.; Lesner, Adam; Lessard, Ivan A. D.; Lhomond, Guy; Li, Huilin; Li, Shu-Ming; Li, Weiguo; Liao, Ta–Hsiu; Liddington, Robert; Lieber, Toby; Lijnen, H.R.; Lima, C.D.; Lin, Chen‐Yong; Liu, Gang; Lin, Ming Tseh; Lin, Xinli; Lin, Yee‐Shin; Lindsay, L.L.; Lipscomb, William N.; Little, John W.; Liu, Ching-Chuan; Liu, Chuanju; Lively, Mark O.; Livnat-Levanon, Nurit; Ljungdahl, Per O.; Llorens‐Cortés, Catherine; Lobel, Peter; Loh, Y. Peng; Lohi, Jouko; Lomonossoff, G.P.; Looze, Yvan; López-Otı́n, Carlos; Quezada, Landys Lopez; Loukas, Alex; Lu, Longsheng; Lundwall, Áke; Luo, Liu‐Ying; Lupas, Andrei N.; Luthe, Dawn S.; Lynch, Nicholas J.; Lyons, Peter J.; MacKay, Vivian L.; Macleod, Jesica M. Levingston; Magdolen, Viktor; Mainardi, Jean–Luc; Mäkinen, Kauko K.; Mallari, Jeremy P.; Manandhar, Surya P.; Mandelbaum, Fajga R.; Manicone, Anne M.; Mansfeld, Johanna; Marcotrigiano, Joseph; Mares, Michael A.; Marfany, Gemma; Markland, Francis S.; Marokházi, Judith; Marquis, Hélène; Marr, Robert A.; Martegani, Enzo; Martin, Erik W.; Martı́nez, Manuel; Martins, L. Miguel; Maruyama, Masato; Maruyama, Masugi; Maruyama, Sususmu; Masaki, Takeharu; Massoumi, Ramin; Mathew, Rency; Matrisian, Lynn M.; Matsuda, Yoshihisa; Matsushita, Osamu; Matuschek, Marco; Matušková, Anna; Matúz, Krisztina; Mauch, Cornelia; Maurizi, Michael R.; Mayr, Lorenz M.; McCafferty, Dewey G.; McDonald, J. Ken; McKerrow, James H.; McMillan, David G.; Mecham, Robert P.; Mehta, Darshini P.; Meisinger, Chris; Mellors, Alan; Melton, Roger G.; Melvin, Jeffrey A.; Ménard, Robert; Menéndez‐Arias, Luis; Menezes, Milene C.; Mesecar, Andrew D.; Mesnage, Stéphane; Meyer, Diane H.; Meyers, Gregor; Michaelis, Susan; Michalska, K.; Mielicki, Wojciech P.; Mierau, Igor; Mikoulinskaia, Galina V.; Miller, Charles G.; Miller, Lydia; Mills, Joseph L.; Mills, Kenneth V.; Min, Jinrong; Mistou, Michel‐Yves; Misumi, Yoshio; Miyoshi, Shin‐ichi; Mizutani, Shigehiko; Mobashery, Shahriar; Mochizuki, Satsuki; Mock, William L.; Möhrlen, Frank; Moiré, Nathalie; Monahan, Paul E.; Moncada-Pazos, Ángela; Monnet, Véronique; Monod, Michel; Montecucco, Cesare; Morelli, Laura; Mori, Sumiko; Morita, Takashi; Morrissey, James H.; Morse, R. J.; Mort, John S.; Mortensen, Uffe Hasbro; Morty, Rory E.; Moss, Joel; Motoshima, Hidemasa; Mottram, Jeremy C.; Moura-da-Silva, Ana Maria; Mudgett, Mary Beth; Mundt, Egbert; Murakami, Kazuo; Murakami, Mário Tyago; MurakamiMurofoshi, Kimiko; Murao, Sawao; Murphy, Gillian; Murthy, M.R.N.; Muta, Tsuyoshi; Myburgh, Elmarie; Mzhavia, Nino; Nabi, A.H.M. Nurun; Nagase, Hideaki; Nagle, Michael W.; Nägler, Dorit K.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Nair, Divya B.; Nakai, Toshiki; Nakajima, Yoshitaka; Nakamura, Yukio; Nakatogawa, Hitoshi; Nakayama, Tôru; Nalivaeva, Natalia N.; Nandi, Dipankar; Nascimento-Silva, Maria Clara L.; Nasmyth, Kim; Nathan, Carl; Navarro-García, Fernando; Naves, Dayane Lorena; Nedialkova, Danny D.; Neuman, Keir C.; Nguyen, Jeffrey‐Tri; Nguyen, Ky-Anh; Niemirowicz, Gabriela T.; Nikai, Toshiaki; Nishi, Eiichiro; Nishii, Wataru; Nishiyama, Makoto; Nishiyama, Yasuhiro; Noda, Masatoshi; Nomura, Seiji; Norioka, Shigemi; Nsangou, Desire M.M.; O’Brien, Amornrat; O’Connor, Michael B.; Oda, Kazuhiro; Odinokova, Irina; Oetjen, Joyce; Ogura, Teru; Ohman, Dennis E.; Ohsumi, Yoshinori; Ojha, Mukti; Okabe, Akinobu; Okada, Yasunori; Okamoto, Keinosuke; Okuda, K; Okumura, Nobuaki; Okuno, Takashi; Oleson, Kjeld; Giuseppe, P.O.; Olivier, Martin; Ono, Yasuko; Oroszlan, Stephen; Ota, Nobuyuki; Ovadia, Michael; O-Wang, Jiyang; Oxvig, Claus; Packer, Jeremy C.L.; Padilla-López, Sergio; Paetzel, Mark; Page, Michael; Page-McCaw, Andrea; Paine, Mark; Park, Byoung Chul; Park, Eunyong; Park, John E.; Park, Pyong Woo; Park, Sung Goo; Parkin, Kirk L.; Parks, William C.; Paschoalin, Thaysa; Pastore, Annalisa; Patananan, Alexander N.; Paul, Sudhir; Paulson, Henry L.; Pawel‐Rammingen, Ulrich von; Pearce, David; Pearson, Mark S.; Pei, Duanqing; Pejler, Gunnar; Pemberton, Alan D.; Peng, Jianhao; Pernier, Julien; Peters, Jan‐Michael; Pfirrmann, Thorsten; Pham, Viet-Laï; Valterová, Irena; Pickering, Darren; Piesse, Christophe; Pignol, David; Pike, Robert N.; Pinck, L.; Pirkle, Hubert; Pitot, Henry C.; Plaut, Andrew G.; Ploegh, Hidde L.; Polgár, László; Porter, Corrine Joy; Postina, Rolf; Potempa, Jan; Poulsen, Knud; Power, Scott D.; Pratt, Rex. F.; Prehna, Gerd; Prévost, Gilles; Pshezhetsky, Alexey V.; Qasim, Mohammad; Qian, Feng; Qiu, Jiazhou; Quesada, Vı́ctor; Radisky, Evette S.; Rader, Stephen D.; Raman, Kavita; Ramsay, Andrew J.; Rancourt, Derrick E.; Ranjit, Najju; Rao, Narayanam V.; Ratia, Kiira; Rawlings, Neil D.; Rawson, Robert B.; Reddy, Vijay; Redman, Colvin M.; Regonesi, Maria Elena; Reichert, Andreas S.; Reichl, Antonia P.; Remaut, Han; Remington, S. James; Renatus, Martin; Reverter, David; Reynolds, Eric C.; Rholam, Mohamed; Rice, Charles M.; Ridky, Todd W.; Riezman, Howard; Rijken, D.C.; Rio, Marie‐Christine; Ritchie, Alison; Robert‐Baudouy, Janine; Robinson, Mark W.; Robinson, Michael E.; Rodrı́guez-Romero, Adela; Rodriques, Renata Santos; Rogers, John C.; Rojas, Camilo; Romesberg, Floyd E.; Roper, David J.; Rosas-Murrieta, Nora Hilda; Rose, A.M.; Rosenthal, Philip; Rosing, J.; Rossetto, Ornella; Rossi, Véronique; Roth, Richard A.; Rottensteiner, Hanspeter; Rowan, Andrew D.; Rozanov, M.I.; Rucavado, Alexandra; Ruecker, Andrea; Rul, Françoise; Rümenapf, Till; Russo, Ilaria; Ryan, Martin; Sacco, Elena; Sadler, J. Evan; Saenger, W.; Sahl, Hans‐Georg; Sajid, Mohammed; Sakaguchi, Minoru; Sakiyama, Fumio; Salas, María; Salgado, Maria Cristina O.; Salvesen, Guy S.; Sánchez, Edith; Sanchez, Eládio Flores; Sang, Qing‐Xiang Amy; Sankaran, Krishnan; Sarkar, Susanta K.; Sarras, Michael P.; Sasagawa, Yoshikiyo; Araki, Satoshi; Sauvage, Eric; Saveanu, Loredana; Savithri, H.S.; Sawada, Hitoshi; Sawers, R. Gary; Scarisbrick, Isobel A.; Schaller, Andreas; Scheer, Justin M.; Scheiflinger, Friedrich; Schiene‐Fischer, Cordelia; Schlomann, Uwe; Schlösser, Manfred; Schmaier, Alvin H.; Schmidt, W.; Schneemann, Anette; Schnellmann, Rick G.; Scholze, Henning; Schomburg, Lutz; Schwaeble, Wilhelm; Scott, Christopher J.; Scudiero, Rosaria; Sehara-Fujisawa, Atsuko; Seidah, Nabil G.; Seiki, Motoharu; Sekiguchi, Junichi; Senff‐Ribeiro, Andrea; Seong, Ihn Sik; Serpe, Mihaela; Serrano, Solange M.T.; Setlow, Peter; Shahian, Tina; Shanks, M.; Feng, Shuyi; Shapiro, Steven D.; Sharma, Neeraj; Shaw, Lindsey N.; Shen, Aimee; Shen, Lei; Sherwood, Roger F.; Shi, Yun‐Bo; Shimoi, Hitoshi; Shimura, Yoichiro; Shirras, A.D.; Shridhar, Viji; Shukla, Jinal K.; Siigur, Ene; Siigur, Jüri; Monerri, Natalie C. Silmon de; Sim, Robert B.; Simmer, James P.; Simmons, William H.; Singh, Jaspreet; Singleton, Alison M.; Sirakova, Tatiana D.; Sixma, Titia K.; Skern, Tim; Skidgel, Randal A.; Slack, Jeffrey M.; Sleat, David E.; Slusher, Barbara S.; Smith, Janet L.; Smith, Matthew A.; Smyth, Mark J.; Snijder, Erik J.; Sobhanifar, Solmaz; Söderhaäll, Kenneth; Sohár, István; Sonderegger, P.; Sorgine, Marcos Henrique Ferreira; Sorimachi, Hiroyuki; Soukhodolets, Karen E.; Souza, Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil de; Sperka, Tamás; Sriskandan, Shiranee; Geme, Joseph W. St.; Leger, Raymond J. St.; Staib, Peter; Steele, J. L.; Stefansson, Bjarki; Steinkühler, Christian; Stenberg, Leisa M.; Stenflo, Johan; Stennicke, Henning R.; Stepanov, V. M.; Stepnaya, O. A.; Steven, F. S.; Stevens, Richard L; Stevenson, Kenneth J.; St‐Louis, Mathieu; Stobart, Christopher C.; Stöcker, W.; Storer, Andrew C.; Sträter, Norbert; Strauss, Ellen G.; Strauss, James H.; Střı́šovský, Kvido; Strynadka, N.C.J.; Sturrock, Edward D.; Su, Dan; Su, Xiao‐Dong; Suárez-Rendueles, Paz; Sulea, Traian; Venkatesh, Sundararajan; Suno, Ryoji; Suzuki, Carolyn K.; Suzuki, Fujio; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Swenson, Stephen D.; Szabady, Rose L.; Szecsi, Pal Bela; Szilágyi, László; Taha, Muhamed‐Kheir; Takahashi, Eizo; Takahashi, Kazuhiko; Takai, Toshiro; Takeda, Atsushi; Takeda, Soichi; Tame, Jeremy J.R.H.; Tamura, Tomohide; Tan, Fulong; Tanaka, Keiji; Tanase, Carmen; Tang, Jordan; Tanizaki, Martha M.; Tannich, Egbert; Tans, Guido; Tarentino, Anthony L.; Tassanakajon, Anchalee; Tatsumi, Hiroki; Tautz, Norbert; Taylor, Erin B.; Teixeira, Pedro Filipe; Telugu, Bhanu P.; Templin, Markus F.; Terada, Shigeyuki; Thacker, C.; Thaker, Maulik; Thiel, Heinz-Jürgen; Thielens, Nicole M.; Gonzales, Thierry; Thivierge, Karine; Thomas, Mark D.; Thome, Margot; Thorsness, Mary K.; Thorsness, Peter E.; Tigue, Natalie J.; Todi, Sokol V.; Tomkinson, Birgitta; Tonello, Fiorella; Tong, Liang; Toogood, H.S.; Tortora, Paolo; Tözsèr, József; Travassos, Luiz R.; Travis, James; Trevisan-Silva, Dilza; Trinchella, Francesca; Trivedi, Neil N.; Troy, Carol M.; Tschesche, Harald; Tseng, Yu-Lun; Tsujimoto, Masafumi; Tu, Anthony T.; Tumelty, Kathleen E.; Turk, Boris; Turk, Dušan; Türk, Vito; Turner, Anthony J.; Uchikoba, Tetsuya; Ueno, Takayuki; Ugalde, Alejandro P.; Uitto, Veli‐Jukka; Urban, Siniša; Valdenaire, Olivier; Vallí, Adrián; Beeumen, Jozef Van; Burg, Bertus van den; Hoorn, R.A.L. van der; Dijl, Jan Maarten van; Endert, Peter van; Raam, Bram J. van; Wart, Harold E. Van; Berghe, Tom Vanden; Vandenabeele, Peter; Vanoni, Margo; Veiga, Sílvio Sanches; Velander, William H.; Velasco, Gloria; Vendrell, Josep; Venekei, I. István; Větvička, Václav; Vögtle, F.-Nora; Vollmer, Waldemar; Wada, Keita; Wagner, Fred; Wai, Sun Nyunt; Wai, Timothy; Wainwright, S.D.; Walker, Kenneth W.; Walker, Stephen J.; Wallach, Jean; Walling, Linda L.; Walsh, Peter N.; Wang, Haiyan; Wang, Hengbin; Wang, Jianwei; Wang, Peng; Wang, Ping; Wassenegger, Michael; Watanabe, Kunihiko; Webb, Helen; Weber, Joseph; Weber, Niklas; Webster, Daniel R.; Wei, Shuo; Welch, Rodney A.; Wells, James A.; Wenzel, Herbert R.; Wertz, Ingrid E.; Wewer, Ulla W.; Whyteside, Alison R.; Wilk, Sherwin; Wilkin, Jean‐Marc; Wilmes, Claudia; Winther, Jakob R.; Wishart, David S.; Wlodawer, Alexander; Woessner, J. Fred; Wolfe, Michael S.; Wong, Wilson; Woodgate, Roger; Wright, Gerard D.; Wu, Jiunn-Jong; Wu, Qingyu; Wysocka, Magdalena; Chen, Xu; Xu, Zhenghong; Yahori, Kinnosuke; Shoji, Yasuhiro; Yamaguchi, Naohito; Yamaguchi, Satoru; Yamakawa, Yoshio; Yamamoto, Hirotsugu; Yana, Ikao; Yang, Maozhou; Yang, Na; Yao, Chenjuan; Yao, Tingting; Yasuda, Noriko; Yasuhara, Toshimasa; Yasumasu, Shigeki; Yeh, Edward T.H.; Yiallouros, Irene; Yin, Jie; Yonezawa, Hiroo; Yoo, Soon Ji; Yoshimoto, Tadashi; Young, Michael W.; Young, Stephen G.; Zaidi, Nousheen; Zavalova, L. L.; Závodszky, Péter; Zhang, Aidong; Zhang, Xianming; Zhang, Yizheng; Zheng, Dominick; Zhong, Guangming; Zhong, Rugang; Zhou, Yuan; Zhou, Zhaohui Sunny; Zick, Michael; Zigrino, Paola; Zimin, Andrei A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382219-2.00839-5

Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes 2013

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-382219-2.00839-5

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Catherine A. Abbott¹,

Carmela R. Abraham²,

Hideki Adachi³

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Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection

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Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections are highly prevalent and often untreatable due to biofilm formation, resulting in high antimicrobial tolerance. Standard antibiotic therapy for P. aeruginosa infections involves tobramycin, yet it is highly ineffective as monotherapy as tobramycin cannot penetrate the biofilm to elicit its antimicrobial effect. Lipid liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) have previously been shown to increase the antimicrobial efficacy and penetration of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilms in vitro and ex vivo. Here, for the first time, we have developed a chronic P. aeruginosa biofilm infection in full-thickness wounds in mice to examine the potential of LCNPs to improve the effect of tobramycin, preclinically. After three doses, administered once a day, tobramycin-LCNPs significantly reduced the P. aeruginosa bacterial load in murine wounds 1000-fold more than unformulated tobramycin, which in turn showed no significant difference to the saline control treatment. Consistent with the improved P. aeruginosa eradication, the tobramycin-LCNPs promoted wound healing. In comparison to previous in vitro and ex vivo data, we show a strong in vitro−in vivo correlation between P. aeruginosa biofilm infection models. The enhanced activity of tobramycin-LCNPs in vivo in the preclinical murine model demonstrates the strong potential of LCNPs as a next-generation formulation approach to improve the efficacy of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa biofilm wound infections.

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Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection

et al. 2022

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Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection

Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles Enhance Tobramycin Efficacy in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Wound Infection

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