Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations

Verheyen, Kris; Vanhellemont, Margot; Auge, Harald; Baeten, Lander; Baraloto, Christopher; Barsoum, Nadia; Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon; Bruelheide, Helge; Castagneyrol, Bastien; Godbold, Douglas L.; Haase, Joséphine; Héctor, Andy; Jactel, Hervé; Koricheva, Julia; Loreau, Michel; Mereu, Simone; Messier, Christian; Muys, Bart; Nolet, Philippe; Paquette, Alain; Parker, John D.; Perring, Michael P.; Ponette, Quentin; Potvin, Catherine; Reich, Peter B.; Smith, Andy; Weih, Martin; Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael

doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0685-1

Cited by 232 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Here, research co-operations, such as the globally distributed network of tree diversity experiments (www.treedivnet.ugent.be), can offer great future opportunities to experimentally study associational effects along replicated global abiotic and biotic gradients [63]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tree Diversity on Different Aspects of Insect Herbivory along a Global Temperature Gradient - A Meta-Analysis

Kambach¹,

Kühn²,

Castagneyrol³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Forests with higher tree diversity are often assumed to be more resistant to insect herbivores but whether this effect depends on climatic conditions is so far poorly understood. In particular, a forest’s resistance to herbivory may depend on mean annual temperature (MAT) as a key driver of plant and insect phenology. We carried out a global meta-analysis on regression coefficients between tree diversity and four aspects of insect herbivory, namely herbivore damage, abundance, incidence rate and species richness. To test for a potential shift of tree diversity effects along a global gradient of MAT we applied mixed-effects models and estimated grand mean effect sizes and the influence of MAT, experimental vs. observational studies and herbivores diet breadth. There was no overall effect of tree diversity on the pooled effect sizes of insect herbivore damage, abundance and incidence rate. However, when analysed separately, we found positive grand mean effect sizes for herbivore abundance and species richness. For herbivore damage and incidence rate we found a significant but opposing shift along a gradient of MAT indicating that with increasing MAT diversity effects on herbivore damage tend towards associational resistance whereas diversity effects on incidence rates tend towards associational susceptibility. Our results contradict previous meta-analyses reporting overall associational resistance to insect herbivores in mixed forests. Instead, we report that tree diversity effects on insect herbivores can follow a biogeographic pattern calling for further in-depth studies in this field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tree Diversity on Different Aspects of Insect Herbivory along a Global Temperature Gradient - A Meta-Analysis

Kambach¹,

Kühn²,

Castagneyrol³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…[57,58,[71][72][73]. In regards to measurements, the list of processes in Table 1 indicates the contribution that intra-and inter-specific differences in morphology, allometry, physiology, and phenology make to determine complementarity effects.…”

Section: Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

2016

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Through complementarity interactions, mixedspecies forests can be more productive than monocultures, and this effect can increase with tree-species richness. However, this is not always the case. This review examines the processes and stand structural attributes that can influence diversity-productivity relationships (DPRs); how they influence resource availability, resource uptake, and resource-use efficiency; and also describes some important differences between tree-diversity versus grassland-diversity experiments. The size of the complementarity effects caused by these processes and stand structures varies along spatial and temporal gradients in resource availability and climate. These spatial and temporal dynamics have now been examined in many studies, and the general patterns are summarized using a simple framework; complementarity is predicted to increase as the availability of resource BX^declines (or climatic condition X becomes harsher) if the species interactions improve the availability, uptake, or use efficiency of resource X (or interactions improve climatic condition X). Importantly, this framework differs from the stress-gradient hypothesis to account for a wider range of inter-specific plant interactions (not only facilitation) by considering contrasting methods used to quantify species interactions while accounting for stand structure. In addition, complementarity (as opposed to facilitation) for a given species combination can increase as growing conditions improve in forests, contrary to predictions of the stressgradient hypothesis with regards to facilitation. This review indicates that while the effects of tree-species diversity on growth and other forest functions are now receiving a lot of attention, far less is known about the effects of structural diversity on growth or forest functioning. Direct measurements of the processes, as opposed to focusing mainly on growth responses, could greatly contribute to our understanding of structural diversity effects.

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“…This is an experimental afforestation site on relatively dry sandy to moderately wet loamy sand soil. The site belongs to the TreeDiv network [43] and consists of 42 blocks, each of 42 × 42 m, in which trees of five different species were planted in 2009-2010 within a 1.5 × 1.5 m planting grid. A detailed description of the experimental set-up can be found in Verheyen et al [44] and Van de Peer et al [45].…”

Section: Afforestation Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Processing of UAV-Based Thermal Imagery

2017

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Abstract:The current standard procedure for aligning thermal imagery with structure-from-motion (SfM) software uses GPS logger data for the initial image location. As input data, all thermal images of the flight are rescaled to cover the same dynamic scale range, but they are not corrected for changes in meteorological conditions during the flight. This standard procedure can give poor results, particularly in datasets with very low contrast between and within images or when mapping very complex 3D structures. To overcome this, three alignment procedures were introduced and tested: camera pre-calibration, correction of thermal imagery for small changes in air temperature, and improved estimation of the initial image position by making use of the alignment of RGB (visual) images. These improvements were tested and evaluated in an agricultural (low temperature contrast data) and an afforestation (complex 3D structure) dataset. In both datasets, the standard alignment procedure failed to align the images properly, either by resulting in point clouds with several gaps (images that were not aligned) or with unrealistic 3D structure. Using initial thermal camera positions derived from RGB image alignment significantly improved thermal image alignment in all datasets. Air temperature correction had a small yet positive impact on image alignment in the low-contrast agricultural dataset, but a minor effect in the afforestation area. The effect of camera calibration on the alignment was limited in both datasets. Still, in both datasets, the combination of all three procedures significantly improved the alignment, in terms of number of aligned images and of alignment quality.

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Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations

Cited by 232 publications

References 45 publications

The Impact of Tree Diversity on Different Aspects of Insect Herbivory along a Global Temperature Gradient - A Meta-Analysis

The Impact of Tree Diversity on Different Aspects of Insect Herbivory along a Global Temperature Gradient - A Meta-Analysis

A Review of Processes Behind Diversity—Productivity Relationships in Forests

Optimizing the Processing of UAV-Based Thermal Imagery

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