Contribution to the Study of the High-Mountain Ecosystems of the Northern Urals, USSR (Abstract)

Gorchakovsky, P. L.; Большаков, В. Н.

doi:10.2307/1550775

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Autumn frosts are observed from September 7, while spring frosts continue until June 6. At the same time, freezing temperatures may be reached in June and even July [27]. These trends are representative of the entire research period (1967-2017).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The studies were carried out in the mountain stony shrub-moss-lichen tundra belt [27] at an altitude of 1010-1040 m above sea level on the Tri Bugra mountain massif plateau (an altitude of 1060 m above sea level 59°30′ N, 59°15′ E) in the southern part of the main watershed of the Northern Urals (Sverdlovsk region) (Figure 1). The plateau soil horizon is 5-15 cm thick (up to 20 cm in some places), with the underlying large stony monolith-shaped rock formation.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Mountain Tundra of the Northern Urals against the Background of Climate Warming

Ivanova

Tantsyrev

2022

Atmosphere

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Climate is one of the key drivers of the plant community’s structure and trends. However, the regional vegetation-climate features in the ecotone have not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to study features of Pinus sibirica Du Tour germination, survival, and growth in the mountain tundra of the Northern Urals against the background of a changing climate. The following research objectives were set: To determine the abundance and age structure of P. sibirica undergrowth on the mountain tundra plateau, identify the features of P. sibirica growth in the mountain tundra, and examine the correlation between the multi-year air temperature pattern, precipitation, and P. sibirica seedling emergence. A detailed study of the Pinus sibirica natural regeneration in the mountain stony shrub-moss-lichen tundra area at an altitude of 1010–1040 m above sea level on the Tri Bugra mountain massif plateau (59°30′ N, 59°15′ E) in the Northern Urals (Russia) has been conducted. The research involved the period between 1965 and 2017. Woody plant undergrowth was considered in 30 plots, 5 × 5 m in size. The first generations were recorded from 1967–1969. The regeneration has become regular since 1978 and its intensity has been increasing since then. Climate warming is driving these processes. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between the number of Pinus sibirica seedlings and the minimum temperature in August and September of the current year, the minimum temperatures in May, June, and November of the previous year, the maximum temperatures in May and August of the current year, and precipitation in March of both the current and previous years. However, the young tree growth rate remains low to date (the height at an age of 45–50 years is approximately 114 ± 8.8 cm). At the same time, its open crowns are rare single lateral shoots. The length of the side shoots exceeds its height by 4–5 times, and the length of the lateral roots exceeds its height by 1.2–1.5 times. This is an indicator of the extreme conditions for this tree species. With the current rates of climate warming and the Pinus sibirica tree growth trends, the revealed relationships allow for the prediction that in 20–25 years, the mountain tundra in the studied Northern Urals plateau could develop underground-closed forest communities with a certain forest relationship. The research results are of theoretical importance for clarifying the forest-tundra ecotone concept. From a practical point of view, the revealed relationship can be used to predict the trend in forest ecosystem formation in the mountain forest-tundra ecotone.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Mountain Tundra of the Northern Urals against the Background of Climate Warming

Ivanova

Tantsyrev

2022

Atmosphere

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The Biomes of the Coldest Corners of the World

Mucina

2023

Biomes of the Southern Hemisphere

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Väisänen¹

1998

Pirineos

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Focusing on four themes in relation to biodiversity (vegetation science, keystone grazers, long-term studies and protected areas), a synthesis of current research in the mountain areas of Fennoscandia, Iceland and Scotland is presented. Recent relevant advances in vegetation science include classifications of mountain habitats which together with species distribution maps offer new possibilities for analysis. Generalisations emerging from comparisons of the ecology and ecophysiology of plants between different mountain areas are greatly needed. Further studies on the ecological impacts of keystone grazers are urgently required because of the alarming rate of degradation of montane habitats. The topics highlighted from northern Fennoscandia include (i) the effect of overgrazing by reindeer on the cover of folióse lichens and on the regeneration of mountain birch, (ii) the ecological interactions between the autumnal moth and mountain birch, and (Hi) the effect of rodents on vegetation. Long-term studies of slow processes to capture rare but important events are needed to better understand the functioning of mountain ecosystems. Examples of such studies are presented for (i) the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum as an indicator of airborne nitrogen pollution, (ii) research based on cyclic oscillations of vole numbers, and (Hi) the application of breeding birds in environmental assessment. The conservation of appropriate areas is important for mountain biodiversity. Mountain habitats have been protected extensively in northern Europe. The evaluation of how representative the existing areas are and how to use them for research need international coordination. RÉSUMÉ.-On présente une synthèse de la recherche actuelle dans les régions de montagne de la Scandinavie, l'Islande et l'Ecosse, centrée sur quatre sujets autour de la biodiversité (science de la végétation, herbivores principaux, études à long terme et zones protégées). Les résultats récents d'importance en science de la végétation portent sur la classification des habitats de montagne, qui, avec les cartes de répartition des espèces, offrent des nouvelles possibilités pour l'analyse. On a fortement besoin de généralisations tirées de la comparaison entre l'écologie et l'écophysiologie des plantes dans différentes zones de montagne. Il nous manque aussi (c) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Licencia Creative Commons 3.0 España (by-nc) http://pirineos.revistas.csic.es PIRINEOS 151-152 des études sur les impacts écologiques des principaux herbivores étant donné l'alarmant taux de dégradation des habitats de montagne. Les sujets soulignés dans la Scandinavie du Nord touchent (1) l'effet du surpaturage des rennes sur la couverture des liquens foliacés et sur la régénération du bouleau nain, (2) les interactions écologiques entre la mite d'automne et ce même bouleau, et (3) l'effet des rongeurs sur la végétation. Il nous semble indispensable de réaliser les études à long terme sur les processus à faible vitesse; elles conduiront à saisir des événements rare...

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Contribution to the Study of the High-Mountain Ecosystems of the Northern Urals, USSR (Abstract)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Mountain Tundra of the Northern Urals against the Background of Climate Warming

Regeneration of Pinus sibirica Du Tour in the Mountain Tundra of the Northern Urals against the Background of Climate Warming

The Biomes of the Coldest Corners of the World

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