Contribution of Oxidative Stress (OS) in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD): From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Targets

Abstract

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, with increased prevalence and incidence. The underlying mechanisms behind CAVD are complex, and are mainly illustrated by inflammation, mechanical stress (which induces prolonged aortic valve endothelial dysfunction), increased oxidative stress (OS) (which trigger fibrosis), and calcification of valve leaflets. To date, besides aortic valve replacement, there are no specific pharmacological treatments for CAVD. In this review, we describe the mechanisms behind aortic valvular disease, the involvement of OS as a fundamental element in disease progression with predilection in AS, and its two most frequent etiologies (calcific aortic valve disease and bicuspid aortic valve); moreover, we highlight the potential of OS as a future therapeutic target.

Severity of Mitral Valve Stenosis ― Possible Relationships With Blood Oxidant Markers and Antioxidants ―

“…41 Addressing and countering OS as an important unifying mechanism involved in the initiation and propagation of heart valve degeneration and calcification may contribute to major and effective innovations in targeted therapy. 27 We also investigated the relationship between various…”

“…1 After the AV, the MV is the second most common valve affected by HVD. 27 There is substantial evidence for the critical roles of OS in the initiation and progression of HVD. 4 In the present study, high blood levels of MDA, SOD, and AOPP were independently associated with both severe MVS and moderate/severe MVS.…”