Contribution of fine particulate matter to present and future premature mortality over Europe: A non-linear response

Tarín-Carrasco, Patricia; Geels, Camilla; Palacios-Peña, Laura; Jiménez‐Guerrero, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106517

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…[56][57][58][59] Besides the greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming and direct effects on health, the burden of other environmental toxic chemicals released into the environment represents a serious risk factor for NCD. NCD correlate with the concentration of air pollutants [60][61][62][63] and with endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), 64,65 and both factors promote an unhealthy environment, increased individual vulnerability at all age classes, and ultimately generate high health costs.…”

Section: Change and Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the period of 1991-2010, in Europe, NCD represented the 29% of the total contribution to premature mortality linked with the exposure to fine particular matters in the order of 2.5 micrometres-PM2.5 (263,000 premature deaths per year, 95% CI 144,600-386,600). 60 About the 70% of the diseases caused by pollution are NCD, and the burden of disease attributable to environmental pollution is maximal in the presence of socio-economic deprivation and high vulnerability, as in children, among minorities and marginalized, and in low-and middle-income countries. 62 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, on the other hand, generate elevated health costs, which are higher in the USA (more than 2% of gross domestic product) than in Europe (1.28% of gross domestic product).…”

Section: Change and Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID‐19 has taught us about syndemic

Ciaula

Krawczyk

Filipiak‬

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was reported to World Health Organization as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. The name severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was ultimately adopted. On March 11, 2020, COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified as a global pandemic spreading worldwide. [1][2][3][4] To date and globally, we are counting over 230 million confirmed cases, over 4.7 million deaths, and over 5.8 billion vaccine doses administered (WHO COVID-19 Dashboard accessed 24 September 2021 5 ). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is definitively changing our lives because of several simultaneous events including infectious and clinical aspects (ie, spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants, respiratory and

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Section: Change and Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Change and Environmental Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID‐19 has taught us about syndemic

Ciaula

Krawczyk

Filipiak‬

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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show abstract

“…The most affected vulnerable groups are people with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, children, the elders, and asthmatics [ 6 ]. Long-term exposure to a constant concentration of suspended particles can cause cancer and premature death [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Particulate Matter and Indoor Microclimate Monitors in University Classrooms under COVID-19 Restrictions

Predescu

Dunea

2021

IJERPH

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Optical monitors have proven their versatility into the studies of air quality in the workplace and indoor environments. The current study aimed to perform a screening of the indoor environment regarding the presence of various fractions of particulate matter (PM) and the specific thermal microclimate in a classroom occupied with students in March 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic) and in March 2021 (during pandemic) at Valahia University Campus, Targoviste, Romania. The objectives were to assess the potential exposure of students and academic personnel to PM and to observe the performances of various sensors and monitors (particle counter, PM monitors, and indoor microclimate sensors). PM1 ranged between 29 and 41 μg m−3 and PM10 ranged between 30 and 42 μg m−3. It was observed that the particles belonged mostly to fine and submicrometric fractions in acceptable thermal environments according to the PPD and PMV indices. The particle counter recorded preponderantly 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 micron categories. The average acute dose rate was estimated as 6.58 × 10−4 mg/kg-day (CV = 14.3%) for the 20–40 years range. Wearing masks may influence the indoor microclimate and PM levels but additional experiments should be performed at a finer scale.

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“…Air pollution from particulate matter (PM) is a major risk factor to population health and is estimated to contribute to at least 8 million premature deaths annually (Burnett et al, 2018;Vohra et al, 2021). For Europe, similar figures estimate the annual mortality excess by up to 900,000 (Tarín-Carrasco et al, 2021), thus health-adverse air quality conditions remain an issue also in well-developed countries. Despite continued efforts in emission reductions and an associated decline in PM 2.5 concentrations over the past decades (Ortiz and Guerreiro, 2020), the associated mortality risk has only slowly responded to it, and it may increase again in the future due to projected changes in demographics and climate in an adverse way to increase population vulnerability (Sicard et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the application and grid-size sensitivity of the urban dispersion model CAIRDIO for the simulation of a real city and realistic meteorology

Weger

Heinold

Wiedensohler

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. There is a gap between the need for city-wide air-quality simulations considering the intra-urban variability and mircoscale dispersion features and the computational capacities that conventional urban microscale models require. This gap can be bridged by targeting model applications on the gray zone situated between the mesoscale and large-eddy scale. The urban dispersion model CAIRDIO is a new contribution to the class of computational-fluid dynamics models operating in this scale range. It uses a diffuse-obstacle boundary method to represent buildings as physical obstacles at gray-zone resolutions in the order of tens of meters. The main objective of this approach is to find an acceptable compromise between computationally inexpensive grid sizes for spatially comprehensive applications and the required accuracy in the description of building and boundary-layer effects. For this purpose, CAIRDIO is applied in dispersion simulation of black carbon and particulate matter for an entire mid-size city using an uniform horizontal resolution of 40 m in this paper. For evaluation, the simulation results are compared with measurements from 5 operational air monitoring stations, which are representative for the urban background and high-traffic roads, respectively. Moreover, the comparison includes the mesoscale host simulation, which provides the boundary conditions. The temporal variability of the concentration measurements at the background sites was largely influenced only by the characteristics of the mixing layer. As a consequence, the model results were not significantly dependent on spatial resolution, so that the mesoscale simulation also performed reasonably well. At the traffic sites, however, concentrations were in addition markedly influenced by the proximity to road-traffic sources and the surrounding building environment. Here, the mesoscale simulation indiscriminately reproduced almost the same urban-background profiles, which resulted in a large positive model bias. On the other hand, the CAIRDIO simulation was able to respond to the significantly amplified diurnal variability with its pronounced rush-hour peaks. This resulted in a consistent improvement of the model deviation to mea- surements compared to the mesoscale simulation. Nevertheless, discrepancies to measurements remain in the 40 m-CAIRDIO simulation, e.g., an underestimation of peak concentrations at two traffic sites inside narrow street canyons. To further research resolution sensitivity, the horizontal grid spacing of locally nested CAIRDIO domains is refined down to 5 m. While for the street canyons the representation of peak concentrations can be improved using horizontal grid spacings of up to 10 m, no further improvements beyond this resolution can be observed. This suggests that the too low peak concentrations with the default grid spacing of 40 m result from an inadequate representation of the traffic emissions inside narrow street canyons. If the total gain in accuracy due to the grid refinements is put in relation to the remaining model error, the improvements are only modest. In conclusion, the proposed gray-scale modeling is a promising downscaling approach for urban air-quality applications. Nevertheless, the results also show that aspects other than the actual resolution of flow patterns and numerical effects can determine the simulations at the urban microscale.

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Contribution of fine particulate matter to present and future premature mortality over Europe: A non-linear response

Cited by 34 publications

References 84 publications

Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID‐19 has taught us about syndemic

Noncommunicable diseases, climate change and iniquities: What COVID‐19 has taught us about syndemic

Performance Evaluation of Particulate Matter and Indoor Microclimate Monitors in University Classrooms under COVID-19 Restrictions

On the application and grid-size sensitivity of the urban dispersion model CAIRDIO for the simulation of a real city and realistic meteorology

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