Contrast sensitivity and the effect of 60‐hour sleep deprivation

Koefoed, Vilhelm F.; Assmus, J. D.; Gould, Kristian; Høvding, Gunnar; Moen, Bente E.

doi:10.1111/aos.12536

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…After navigation, participants filled in questionnaires on PDAs (portable digital assistants). Next there was an 80-min period where the participants underwent eight vision tests in a darkened test room (<5 cd), including the saccade tasks measured with EOG, and the fitness impairment tester (Gould et al, 2009;Hirvonen et al, 2010) and contrast vision (Koefoed, Aßmus, Gould, Hövding, & Moen, 2015). The test cycle (preparation-simulator navigation sessionquestionnaires-vision tests) was repeated 10 times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic eye movements estimate prolonged time awake

Pettersson

Müller

Tietäväinen

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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Prolonged time awake increases the need to sleep. Sleep pressure increases sleepiness, impairs human alertness and performance and increases the probability of human errors and accidents. Human performance and alertness during waking hours are influenced by homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian rhythm. Cognitive functions, especially attentional ones, are vulnerable to circadian rhythm and increasing sleep drive. A reliable, objective and practical metrics for estimating sleepiness could therefore be valuable. Our aim is to study whether saccades measured with electro-oculography (EOG) outside the laboratory could be used to estimate the overall time awake without sleep of a person. The number of executed saccades was measured in 11 participants during an 8-min saccade task. The saccades were recorded outside the laboratory (Naval Academy, Bergen) using EOG every sixth hour until 54 hr of time awake. Measurements were carried out on two occasions separated by 10 weeks. Five participants participated in both measurement weeks. The number of saccades decreased during sustained wakefulness. The data correlated with the three-process model of alertness; performance differed between participants but was stable within individual participants. A mathematically monotonous relation between performance in the saccade task and time awake was seen after removing the circadian rhythm component from measured eye movement data. The results imply that saccades measured with EOG can be used as a time-awake metric outside the laboratory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic eye movements estimate prolonged time awake

Pettersson

Müller

Tietäväinen

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…While the absence of visual input during sleep may also contribute to binocular decoupling, sleepiness is a state of reduced arousal that still allows for visual input. Sleep deprivation has significant effects on arousal ( 5 ), but has little effects on early visual processing such as contrast sensitivity and visual acuity ( 6 , 7 ). Therefore, sleep deprivation provides a context within which the role of arousal in binocular coordination can be studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Binocular Coordination during Sleep Deprivation

et al. 2016

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To aid a clear and unified visual perception while tracking a moving target, both eyes must be coordinated, so the image of the target falls on approximately corresponding areas of the fovea of each eye. The movements of the two eyes are decoupled during sleep, suggesting a role of arousal in regulating binocular coordination. While the absence of visual input during sleep may also contribute to binocular decoupling, sleepiness is a state of reduced arousal that still allows for visual input, providing a context within which the role of arousal in binocular coordination can be studied. We examined the effects of sleep deprivation on binocular coordination using a test paradigm that we previously showed to be sensitive to sleep deprivation. We quantified binocular coordination with the SD of the distance between left and right gaze positions on the screen. We also quantified the stability of conjugate gaze on the target, i.e., gaze–target synchronization, with the SD of the distance between the binocular average gaze and the target. Sleep deprivation degraded the stability of both binocular coordination and gaze–target synchronization, but between these two forms of gaze control the horizontal and vertical components were affected differently, suggesting that disconjugate and conjugate eye movements are under different regulation of attentional arousal. The prominent association found between sleep deprivation and degradation of binocular coordination in the horizontal direction may be used for a fit-for-duty assessment.

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“…Interestingly, an increasing number of studies have explored how CS is altered by extreme environmental conditions, such as low oxygen (Benedek et al., 2002; Pescosolido et al., 2015), sleep deprivation (Koefoed et al., 2015), display terminal fatigue (Gur & Ron, 1992), high gravity (Chou et al., 2003), low light (Müller et al., 2019), and glare (Finlay & Wilkinson, 1984; Puell et al., 2006). The current study is mainly focused on the effect of glare on CS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Contrast Sensitivity Function in Central and Peripheral Vision by Disability Glare

Wu¹,

Liu²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

Perception

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Various glares can decrease visual performance and cause discomfort, thus increasing drivers’ risk for traffic accidents in real life. The current study aimed to systematically investigate glare sensitivity in the central and peripheral visual fields by measuring contrast sensitivity function (CSF) under nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare conditions. Nine observers with normal visual acuity in the dominant eye were enrolled. The CSF in central and peripheral vision (the 5° upper left visual field) was measured in a mesopic environment while the stimulus was displayed under three conditions: nonglare, steady glare, and transient glare. An orientation identification task was used to obtain the CSF. After the experiment, the observers were asked to report their level of discomfort in the presence of the glare. The area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and cut-off spatial frequency served as indicators of visual performance. In agreement with previous studies, both steady and transient glare reduced the AULCSF and cut-off frequency. However, the AULCSF and cut-off frequency were reduced more for central vision than for nearly peripheral vision. In addition, the extent of the decreases in the AULCSF and cut-off frequency was greater for steady glare than for transient glare; in contrast, more discomfort was associated with transient glare than steady glare.

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Contrast sensitivity and the effect of 60‐hour sleep deprivation

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Saccadic eye movements estimate prolonged time awake

Saccadic eye movements estimate prolonged time awake

Degradation of Binocular Coordination during Sleep Deprivation

Reduced Contrast Sensitivity Function in Central and Peripheral Vision by Disability Glare

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