Continuous Use of Combined Hormonal Contraceptive and the Effect on Blood Coagulation Factors in Female Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the availability of the primate Sapajus libidinosus as an animal model for research assessing the physiological effects of the continuous use of combined hormonal contraceptives. In order to do this, six reproductively active female S. libidinosus from the Primate Research Center of the University of Brasília were selected to take part in this experiment. Every 21 days or so, each female received a single dose of combined hormonal contraceptive (algestone acetophenide and 17-enanthate estradiol) in a total of five doses throughout the experiment. The physiological parameters were accessed by means of 13 blood samples from each female, whereas three were gathered during the baseline and 10 samples were collected during the treatment phase. The results showed that the contraceptive use provoked changes in hematological coagulation factors such as an increase in the amount of platelets (p=0.039) and a reduction in both prothrombin (p<0.001) and thromboplastin coagulation time (p<0.001). These results are similar to what has been observed in human patients; thus, it is concluded that S. libidinosus can be successfully used in studies about the physiological impact of hormonal contraceptives.

Avaliação sobre os distúrbios fisiológicos relacionados ao uso contínuo de contraceptivos hormonais em mulheres jovens

“…Esse processo diminui a conversão da testosterona em diidrotestosterona, seu metabólito ativo, o que também gera o decréscimo dos androgênios livres, essa queda pode conduzir a degeneração óssea, redução da força muscular, rarefação dos pelos e alterações da memória e da função cognitiva e redução da libido (Ferreira et al, 2019). Em fêmeas de macacos-prego a administração de contraceptivos hormonais provocou uma redução do comportamento sexual dos animais do grupo experimental, por outro lado, quando as macacas eram tratadas com testosterona intranasal elas apresentavam aumento da frequência dos comportamentos sexuais (Rodrigues et al, 2019& Duarte et al, 2022…”

Behavioral and hormonal changes following the continuous administration of testosterone in females in capuchin monkey adult females (Sapajus Libidinosus)

“…However, for the latter objective, the hypothesis is that the administration of testosterone does not promote changes in estradiol, estrone, DHT, and testosterone levels, whereas the route of administration, i.e. intranasal is fast-acting and without hepatic metabolism (Banks et al, 2009), Even in non-human primates, since the use of intranasal testosterone affected physiological parameters of blood coagulation (Rodrigues et al, 2019). Therefore, management action intravenously preferably has effects on the central nervous system.…”

Levonorgestrel and Desogestrel Modulate Gut Microbiota and Blood Biochemistry of Female Wistar Rats

“…Decreased chances of ovarian cyst formation, increased menstrual blood, better cycle control, decreased chances of endometrial and ovarian cancers are common non-contraceptive benefits 7,8 . The use of HCPs is associated with cardiovascular diseases 9 , ischemic heart disease 10 , altered lipid metabolism, enhanced chances of atherosclerosis 11,12 . The microbiome of the mammalian intestine is considered a physiologically active organ that consists of up to 100 trillion microbes and their genomes 13,14 .…”