Continued spread of HIV among injecting drug users in southern Sichuan Province, China

Yin, Li; Qin, Guangming; Qian, Han-Zhu; Zhu, Yu; Hu, Wei; Zhang, Li; Chen, Kanglin; Wang, Yunxia; Liu, Shizhu; Zhou, Feng; Xing, Hui; Ruan, Yuhua; Wang, Ning; Shao, Yiming

doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-6

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We examined the studies with the 10 highest (Bolao and Ramon, 1995; Des Jarlais et al, 2009b; Des Jarlais et al, 2010; Des Jarlais et al, 1999; Diaz et al, 2001; Dourado et al, 1999; Mesquita et al, 2001; Neaigus et al, 1996; Platt et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2002) and 10 lowest log ORs (Boschini et al, 1996; Des Jarlais et al, 2007a; Helal et al, 1995; Jia et al, 2008; McIntyre et al, 2001; Quan et al, 2009; Serraino et al, 1992; Yin et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2007a; Zheng et al, 1994) to possibly identify factors associated with extreme values. The potential factors examined included sexual behavior, use of non-injected drugs such as crack cocaine, participation in commercial sex work, male-with-male sexual behavior, stigmatization of females and access to services.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

Jarlais¹,

Feelemyer²,

Modi³

et al. 2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

120

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Objective There are multiple reasons why females who inject drugs may be more likely to become infected with HIV than males who inject drugs. Where this is the case, special HIV prevention programs for females would be needed. Design International systematic review and meta-analysis of studies across 14 countries. Methods Countries with high seroprevalence (>20%) HIV epidemics among persons who inject drugs (PWID) were identified from the Reference Group to the UN on HIV and Injecting Drug Use. Systematic literature reviews collected data on HIV prevalence by gender for these countries. Non-parametric and parametric tests along with meta-analytic techniques examined heterogeneity and differences in odds ratios (OR) across studies. Results Data were abstracted from 117 studies in 14 countries; total sample size N=128,745. The mean weighted OR for HIV prevalence among females to males was 1.18 [95% CI 1.10–1.26], with high heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 70.7%). There was a Gaussian distribution of the log ORs across studies in the sample. Conclusion There was a significantly higher HIV prevalence among females compared to males who inject drugs in high seroprevalence settings, but the effect size is extremely modest. The high level of heterogeneity and the Gaussian distribution suggest multiple causes of differences in HIV prevalence between females and males, with a specific difference determined by local factors. Greater understanding of factors that may protect females from HIV infection may provide insights into more effective HIV prevention for both females and males who inject drugs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

Jarlais¹,

Feelemyer²,

Modi³

et al. 2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The HIV infection rate of student MSM in southwest China was the highest (7.3%). A possible explanation for the high prevalence in the southwest area is that this area has a more developed economy and a dense population, but is located along a major transportation route and the neighboring provinces are severely affected by HIV via injection drug use [38]–[40]. The population mobility in this region is high and a part of the subculture [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis Infection among High School and College Student MSM in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Reilly³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to systematically review the published studies and summarize the estimates of HIV and syphilis prevalences among high school and college student MSM in China in order to provide information for conducting targeted interventions.MethodsPubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and Google Scholar databases were searched in January 2013 to identify relevant articles. Data of eligible citations were extracted by two reviewers. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2.0 and SPSS V17.0.ResultsTwenty-four eligible studies (6 in English and 18 in Chinese), published between 2006 and 2012, with a total of 3083 student MSM participants, were included. The meta-analyses showed that the prevalences of HIV and syphilis among studied student MSM were 4.4% (95% CI: 3.0%, 6.4%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 4.8%, 6.7%), respectively. HIV prevalence increased over the study period (3.0% in 2003–2006; 4.5% in 2007–2008, and 6.8% in 2009–2010, trend test chi-square = 11.3, p = 0.001).ConclusionsStudent MSM have become high-risk populations for HIV infection in China. The high prevalence of syphilis and the increasing HIV prevalence trend indicate the potential for a more severe HIV epidemic. Comprehensive intervention strategies that address condom promotion, syphilis detection and treatment, and health education need to be tailored to this vulnerable population to prevent HIV and syphilis infections.

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“…Female injecting drug users who are sex workers (FSW-IDUs) may contract HIV through syringe sharing or unprotected heterosexual sex with injection drug users (IDUs; Gu et al, 2011, Lau et al, 2011). HIV prevalence among IDUs is high and ranged from 17.8% to 71.9% (Yin et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2002). Through unprotected sex, infected FSW-IDUs may transmit HIV to male clients of sex work, a group of low HIV prevalence in China (0% to 0.5%; Zhao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-ecological factors associated with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among female injection drug users who are sex workers in China

Lau

Li³

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Objective Female injection drug users who are also sex workers (FSW-IDUs) occupy a pivotal population in HIV transmission, whereas their mental health problems are largely overlooked. We aimed to investigate prevalence and associated socio-ecological factors of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts among FSW-IDUs in China. Methods Using snowball sampling methods, 200 FSW-IDUs were recruited from communities in Liuzhou, China. Anonymous face-to-face interviews were administered by trained doctors. Results Thirty-nine percent of participants had severe or extremely severe depression, 44.7% had suicidal ideation in the last six months and 26.8% had suicidal attempts in the last six months. After adjusting for background variables, self-stigma was significantly associated with severe or extremely severe depression (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31). Self-stigma (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15), depression (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.18), having completely broken up with family (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.35–5.02) and having been abused by clients or gatekeepers (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.32–3.50) were associated with suicidal ideation in the last six months, while self-stigma (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.10–1.16), depression (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20) and being abused by clients or gatekeepers (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.09–4.24) were associated with suicidal attempt in the last six months. In mediation analyses, the associations between self-stigma and the two suicidal outcomes were fully mediated by depression. Conclusions There are unmet mental health needs of FSW-IDUs. Screening of mental health problems should be integrated into current HIV-related services. Psychological intervention efforts should include components such as self-stigma, family support and abuse.

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Continued spread of HIV among injecting drug users in southern Sichuan Province, China

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

Are females who inject drugs at higher risk for HIV infection than males who inject drugs: An international systematic review of high seroprevalence areas

Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis Infection among High School and College Student MSM in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Socio-ecological factors associated with depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among female injection drug users who are sex workers in China

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