Contextual Effect of Village on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children Under Five in Magetan, East Java

Mustikarani, Yola Alqorien; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Qadridjati, Isna; Prasetya, Hanung

doi:10.26911/jepublichealth.2019.04.02.07

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…This study is in line with a study conducted by Mustikarini et al (2019) that children under five whose family members were smokers had a 1.39 risk of experiencing pneumonia compared to children under five whose family members were not smokers (b=1.39; 95% CI=0.46 to 2.32; p=0.003). Alnur et al (2017), also stated that children under five years who had family members as smokers had a 2.35 times risk of having pneumonia compared to children under five years whose family members were not smokers (aOR=2.35; 95% CI= 1.15 to 4.79; p=0.019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure toward the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children Under Five

Riestiyowati

Rahardjo

Murti

2020

J EPIDEMIOL PUBLIC HEALTH

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Background: Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection in which the alveoli are filled with pus and fluids that cause painful respiration and limit oxygen intake. Pneumonia is the main cause of death among children under five in the world, killing more than 800,000 children under five each year, or about 2,200 per day. One of the risk factors for pneumonia in children under five is exposure to secondhand smoke. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the effect of exposure to secondhand smoke on the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. Subjects and Method: This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis technique. There were three article search databases including Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct with a publication period from 2009-2020. The article search was carried out by considering the eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model. P: children under five, I: exposed to secondhand smoke, C: not exposed to secondhand smoke, and O: pneumonia. The keywords for searching the articles were (risk factors OR passive smoking OR secondhand smoking) AND (pneumonia) AND (children under five). The articles included in this study were full-text articles, articles in English, arti-cles with cross-sectional study design and casecontrol, articles with adjusted odds ratio results. Articles were collected using PRISMA flow diagrams and analyzed using RevMan 5.3 application. Results: The total of 12 articles were reviewed in this study. A meta-analysis of three crosssectional studies showed that exposure to secondhand smoke increased the risk of pneumonia in children under five (aOR= 1.66; 95% CI= 1.38 to 2.01; p <0.001). A meta-analysis of nine case-control studies showed that exposure to secondhand smoke increased the risk of pneumonia in children under five years (aOR= 2.15; 95% CI=1.25 to 3.68; p=0.005). Conclusion:Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the incidence of pneumonia in children under five.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure toward the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children Under Five

Riestiyowati

Rahardjo

Murti

2020

J EPIDEMIOL PUBLIC HEALTH

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“…Regarding micronutrient supplementation, our study indicated that children who had not received vitamin A in the six months prior to data collection had a higher risk of developing pneumonia than children who had received vitamin A. Our study is in line with studies done in other parts of Ethiopia [ 8 , 40 ] Rwanda [ 41 ] and Java [ 42 ]. The role of vitamin A is still an essential micro-nutrient intervention in the growth and development of respiratory epithelial cells and lung tissue and improving a good immunity against acute respiratory infections including pneumonia [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Yadate,

Yesuf,

Hunduma

et al. 2023

Arch Public Health

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Background Pneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease in the world, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in the South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods We used an unmatched case-control study design from March 15 to April 30, 2021, in the South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 (199 cases and 199 controls) participated in the study. Trained data collectors through a pre-tested structured questionnaire collected data. We used Epi Info to enter data and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We described our data using descriptive statistics. We identified predictors of pneumonia using logistic regression analysis. We declared predictors of pneumonia at a P-value of 0.05 or less. Results Breastfeeding for less than 6 months [AOR:3.51, 95%CI:(1.12,11.00)], lack of Vitamin A supplementation [AOR:3.56,95%CI:(1.58, 8.05)], history of URTI [AOR:9.66, 95%CI:(4.69,19.87)], family child care practices [AOR:6.46, 95%CI, (2.83,14.76)], sleeping with three to five persons in a room [AOR:2.90, 9%CI: (1.23,6.84)], having above five persons in a room [AOR: 3.88, 95%CI: 1.02,14.77), use of wood as a source of fuel [AOR = 3.02 95% CI: 1.41,6.46)] and not opening windows [AOR:2.56 95%CI: (1.21,5.41)] were independent factors of pneumonia among under five children. Conclusion Pneumonia is associated with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, lack of vitamin A supplementation, history of URTI, types of childcare practice, indoor overcrowding, use of wood as a source of fuel, and not opening windows. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding, improving vitamin A supplementation, early control of respiratory tract infection through promoting good hygiene and ventilation strategies in crowded homes, and promoting how to reduce indoor air pollution through affordable clean stoves will be relevant interventions to reduce under-five pneumonia.

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“…Children under five exposed to cooking fuel smoke have a risk of 1.43 times higher than not exposed to cooking fuel smoke (b = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.34 to 2.51; p = 0.010). Mustikarani et al (2019) stated that children under five who were exposed to smoke from cooking fuel were 1.51 times more likely to increase the incidence of pneumonia compared to infants who were not exposed to cooking fuel. Yunita et al (2017) stated that children under five who lived in homes which were exposed to smoke from household materials tend to have a greater risk of pneumonia by 5 times than children under five who lived in homes that were not exposed to household smoke.…”

Section: The Effect Of Healthy Behavior On Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Under Five after Earthquake: A Path Analysis Evidence from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Ningsih

Salimo²,

Rahardjo

2019

J EPIDEMIOL PUBLIC HEALT

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Background: Pneumonia is an infectious disease which is the main killer among children under five. This study aims to analyze socio-economic and environmental determinants of the incidence of pneumonia in children under five after the earthquake. Subjects and Method: This study used observational analytic using case control. The total sample of 237 children under five aged 12-59 months old and the sampling technique was fixed disease sampling. The independent variables in this study were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, immunization status, maternal education, family income, healthy behavior, physical quality of the house, exposure to cooking fuel smoke, smoking activities of family members and active village influences. Collecting the variables was through questionnaires and analyzed by using path analysis. Results: Birth weight (b=-1.92; 95%CI=-3.34 to -0.49; p=0.008), exclusive breastfeeding (b=-1.41; 95%CI=-2.43 to -0.37; p=0.007), nutritional status(b=-2.98; 95%CI=-4.10 to -1.86; p<0.001), immunization status (b=-1.45; 95%CI=-2.51 to -0.40; p=0.007), maternal education (b=-1.46; 95%CI= -2.63to -0.28; p=0.014), family income (b=-1.86; 95%CI=-3.32 to-0.41; p=0.012), healthy behavior (b=-1.24; 95%CI=-2.28 to -0.21; p=0.018), physical quality of the house (b=-1.16; 95%CI= -2.20 to -0.11; p=0.030), and active standby village strata (b=-1.25; 95%CI=-2.49 to -0.12; p=0.048) can reduce the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. Smoking activities of family members (b=1.38; 95%CI=0.02 to 2.73; p=0.045) and exposure to cooking fuel smoke (b=1.46; 95% CI= 0.34 to 2.51; p=0.010) can increase the incidence of pneumonia in children under five. Conclusion:The decrease in the incidence of pneumonia was influenced directly by healthy behavior, immunization status, nutritional status, physical quality of the house, exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, and active standby village strata. Family smoking activities and smoke exposure to cooking fuel can increase the incidence of pneumonia in children under five.

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Contextual Effect of Village on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children Under Five in Magetan, East Java

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure toward the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children Under Five

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure toward the Incidence of Pneumonia in Children Under Five

Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study

Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Children Under Five after Earthquake: A Path Analysis Evidence from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

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