Context-dependent responses to novelty in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), selected for high and low post-stress cortisol responsiveness

Basic, Dean; Winberg, Svante; Schjolden, Joachim; Krogdahl, Åshild; Höglund, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.021

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, the duration in confinement was considerably higher in studies that utilized confinement to discriminate for stress coping styles (30 min at least, [17,32,33,56]) compared with this study (5 min). Moreover, these studies [17,25,30,32,33,55,56] were performed on round fishes, whereas in a flatfish species such as Senegalese sole, the perception of this test was probably different. Placing a fish in confinement where swimming is difficult or not possible would have different effects on a round fish that is constantly swimming compared with a flatfish that leads a largely stationary life on the bottom and differences in the species reaction to confinement would be expected and could be tested by looking at cortisol and other stress indicators.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The confinement assay has been considered as a fearful test because it induces differences in cortisol, a factor that is strongly linked to behaviours indicating fearfulness [30]. However, the duration in confinement was considerably higher in studies that utilized confinement to discriminate for stress coping styles (30 min at least, [17,32,33,56]) compared with this study (5 min). Moreover, these studies [17,25,30,32,33,55,56] were performed on round fishes, whereas in a flatfish species such as Senegalese sole, the perception of this test was probably different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

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Characterization of stress coping style in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) juveniles and breeders for aquaculture

et al. 2016

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The aim of this work was to characterize stress coping styles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles and breeders and to select an operational behavioural screening test (OBST) that can be used by the aquaculture industry to classify and select between behavioural phenotypes in order to improve production indicators. A total of 61 juveniles and 59 breeders were subjected to five individual behavioural tests and two grouping tests. At the end of the individual tests, all animals were blood sampled in order to measure cortisol, glucose and lactate. Three tests (restraining, new environment and confinement) characterized the stress coping style behaviour of Senegalese sole juveniles and breeders and demonstrated inter-individual consistency. Further, the tests when incorporated into a principal components analysis (PCA) (i) identified two principal axes of personality traits: ‘fearfulness-reactivity’ and ‘activity-exploration’, (ii) were representative of the physiological axis of stress coping style, and (iii) were validated by established group tests. This study proposed for the first time three individual coping style tests that reliably represented proactive and reactive personalities of Senegalese sole juveniles and breeders. In addition, the three proposed tests met some basic operational criteria (rapid testing, no special equipment and easy to apply and interpret) that could prove attractive for fish farmers to identify fish with a specific behaviour that gives advantages in the culture system and that could be used to establish selection-based breeding programmes to improve domestication and production.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characterization of stress coping style in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) juveniles and breeders for aquaculture

et al. 2016

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“…This suggests that reactive fish exhibit higher levels of behavioural flexibility. However, another study using the same selected trout lines suggested that depending on the context, proactive individual may adopt a more flexible behaviour [22]. One possibility to explain the differences found in the present study using seabream as compared to Laursen et al [34] is the existence of species-specific differences in sub-lethal effects of reduced levels of dissolved oxygen; around 3 mg.L −1 in trout [44] and 1 mg.L −1 in seabream [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Even if the intensity of the behaviour changes, the rank position in relation to others, remains the same [1], [21]. A recent study using selected lines of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), proactive and reactive individuals were shown to exhibit consistency over a period of 7 days in traits associated to coping styles, feeding responses, presence of a novel object, aggressiveness and confinement [22]. Most of the studies on coping styles characterization have been done on selected fish lines which raises the question whether similar consistency responses can be observed in non-selected populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can We Predict Personality in Fish? Searching for Consistency over Time and across Contexts

et al. 2013

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The interest in animal personality, broadly defined as consistency of individual behavioural traits over time and across contexts, has increased dramatically over the last years. Individual differences in behaviour are no longer recognised as noise around a mean but rather as adaptive variation and thus, essentially, raw material for evolution. Animal personality has been considered evolutionary conserved and has been shown to be present in all vertebrates including fish. Despite the importance of evolutionary and comparative aspects in this field, few studies have actually documented consistency across situations in fish. In addition, most studies are done with individually housed fish which may pose additional challenges when interpreting data from social species. Here, we investigate, for the first time in fish, whether individual differences in behavioural responses to a variety of challenges are consistent over time and across contexts using both individual and grouped-based tests. Twenty-four juveniles of Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata were subjected to three individual-based tests: feed intake recovery in a novel environment, novel object and restraining and to two group-based tests: risk-taking and hypoxia. Each test was repeated twice to assess consistency of behavioural responses over time. Risk taking and escape behaviours during restraining were shown to be significantly consistent over time. In addition, consistency across contexts was also observed: individuals that took longer to recover feed intake after transfer into a novel environment exhibited higher escape attempts during a restraining test and escaped faster from hypoxia conditions. These results highlight the possibility to predict behaviour in groups from individual personality traits.

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“…Generally, individuals with a proactive coping style respond to a challenge with a high adrenaline (epinephrine) and low glucocorticoid release, and trigger a fight-flight behavioural response. They also show a propensity for social dominance and develop and follow routines easily (Basic et al, 2012;Koolhaas et al, 1999;Ruiz-Gomez et al, 2011). When reactive individuals are provoked, they show a freeze-hide response with a low adrenaline and high glucocorticoid release (Koolhaas et al, 1999;Schjolden and Winberg, 2007), avoiding danger by keeping a low profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Thörnqvist

Höglund

Winberg

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In stream-spawning salmonid fishes there is a considerable variation in the timing of when fry leave the spawning nests and establish a feeding territory. The timing of emergence from spawning nests appears to be related to behavioural and physiological traits, e.g. early emerging fish are bolder and more aggressive. In the present study, emerging Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) alevins were sorted into three fractions: early, intermediate and late emerging. At the parr stage, behaviour, stress responses, hindbrain monoaminergic activity and forebrain gene expression were explored in fish from the early and late emerging fractions (first and last 25%). The results show that when subjected to confinement stress, fish from the late emerging fraction respond with a larger activation of the brain serotonergic system than fish from the early fraction. Similarly, in late emerging fish, stress resulted in elevated expression of mRNA coding for serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT 1A ), GABA-A receptor-associated protein and ependymin, effects not observed in fish from the early emerging fraction. Moreover, fish from the early emerging fraction displayed bolder behaviour than their late emerging littermates. Taken together, these results suggest that time of emergence, boldness and aggression are linked to each other, forming a behavioural syndrome in juvenile salmon. Differences in brain gene expression between early and late emerging salmon add further support to a relationship between stress coping style and timing of emergence. However, early and late emerging salmon do not appear to differ in hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis reactivity, another characteristic of divergent stress coping styles.

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Context-dependent responses to novelty in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), selected for high and low post-stress cortisol responsiveness

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of stress coping style in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) juveniles and breeders for aquaculture

Characterization of stress coping style in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) juveniles and breeders for aquaculture

Can We Predict Personality in Fish? Searching for Consistency over Time and across Contexts

Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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