Constituents of aromatic plants: carvacrol

Vincenzi, Massimo De; Stammati, A.; Vincenzi, A. De; Silano, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.002

Cited by 189 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…14,15) Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol), is a monoterpenic phenol found in oregano and thyme. 16) Essential oils containing carvacrol have been widely used in various traditional medicines. 17) Carvacrol possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bactericidal properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts

Deepak

Kasonga

Kruger

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling coupled with the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclast activity is elevated during osteoporosis and periodontitis resulting in excessive loss of trabecular and alveolar bone. Osteoclasts are formed in an inflammatory response to cytokine production receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and bacterial challenge lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol present in Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris, is a natural compound with known medicinal properties. We investigated the effects of carvacrol Key words osteoclast; osteoporosis; periodontitis; receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL); lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bone homeostasis is tightly coupled to the bone-forming activity of osteoblasts and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts.1) Osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that arise from hematopoietic progenitors of monocyte/macrophage lineage and specialize in bone resorption.2) Bone-loss related diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis are associated with increased osteoclast formation and elevated osteoclast activity. [3][4][5] Binding of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to its receptor RANK in osteoclast precursors triggers trimerization of the receptor and subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways that includes inhibitor of kappaB (IκB)-a/b kinase (IKK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun Nterminal kinase (JNK).6) Activation of these pathways leads to the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts and bone resorption.Development of apical periodontitis is associated with the presence of microorganisms in the root canal system. 7) Gramnegative bacteria are the most common causative agents in endodontic infections. 8) Bacterial death causes release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the necrotic pulp and dental wall of periapically affected teeth. 9) LPS elicits alveolar bone loss during periodontitis. 10) LPS stimulates the secretion of cytokines by osteoclast precursors such as monocytes and macrophages, resulting in osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo.11) Earlier studies have also shown that injection of LPS into mouse gingiva induces alveolar bone resorption. 12)

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Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts

Deepak

Kasonga

Kruger

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…6) It is regarded as a safe food additive and has been widely used as the chemical flavorings in candies and beverages for many years. 7) Recently, the cumulative evidence has illustrated that CAR possesses several biological actions, which include anti-microbial, 8) anti-inflammatory, 9) anti-tumor 10) and anti-oxidative activities. 11) Two recent investigations revealed that CAR protected the liver and brain against ischemica/ reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo studies.…”

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Carvacrol Protects against Acute Myocardial Infarction of Rats via Anti-oxidative and Anti-apoptotic Pathways

Liu

Zhu

2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene, has been shown to possess diverse biological activities. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of CAR against myocardial ischemic damage in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. CAR significantly diminished the infarct size and myocardial enzymes including creatine kinase (CK), the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Reduced level of malondialdehyde (MDA), obviously elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic scavenger glutathione (GSH) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were also found in CAR-treated groups. Treatment with CAR remarkably inhibited the protein expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, but increased the level of Bcl-2 protein in infarcted rats by Western blot analysis. The finding suggests that the cardioprotection of CAR associate with its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties in acute myocardial infarction of rats.

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“…Carvacrol has a small molecule which rapidly dissolves in lipids (Lide, 1998;De Vincenzi et al, 2004). The injected carvacrol may have been promptly absorbed into the circulation through the yolk sac membrane with no interaction or binding affinity with yolk components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in-yolk-sac administration of carvacrol on cholesterol resorption from yolk residuals and physiological adaptive indicators in broiler chicks exposed to neonatal fasting

Beiranvand¹,

Khosravinia²,

Azarfar³

et al. 2016

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. Three hundred and twenty Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used to examine effects of in-yolk-sac (IYS) administration of carvacrol on cholesterol resorption from yolk and physiological adaptive responses of broiler chicks subjected to post-hatch fasting periods of up to 72 h. Effects of the four experimental treatments, namely non-handled control (NHCON), sham injection control (SICON), polysorbate-80 injection (POLS), and carvacrol injection (CARV), were examined in 5 replicates of 10 birds each. Liver proportional weight was greater in carvacrol-injected chicks compared with other birds 24 h post-hatch (P < 0.05). The mean blood glucose concentration was 199.0 mg dL −1 when chicks were removed from the hatcher baskets, and decreased in all birds after being subjected to a 72 h post-hatch fasting. However, the slope of decrease in serum concentration of glucose was slower in carvacrol-injected birds than in the other birds, and they had a greater plasma glucose level compared with NHCON and SICON birds after 72 h post-hatch fasting. Lower plasma cholesterol levels were observed in carvacrol-treated chicks compared with those subjected to the other treatments at 72 h post-hatch (P < 0.05). Blood concentration of calcium (Ca) was greater in carvacrol-injected birds at 24 h post-hatch than in NHCON and SICON birds (P < 0.05), but at 72 h it significantly increased in all birds, with the exception of carvacrol-treated chicks, which had significantly lower blood Ca concentration (11.17 mg dL −1 ) compared with other birds (P < 0.05). Blood potassium concentration increased in polysorbate-80 and carvacrol-injected chicks 24 h post-hatch compared with the NHCON and SICON birds (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study revealed that there was no direct interaction between cholesterol and carvacrol leading to reduced cholesterol absorption from yolk sac in newly hatched broiler chicks.

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Constituents of aromatic plants: carvacrol

Cited by 189 publications

References 15 publications

Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts

Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts

Carvacrol Protects against Acute Myocardial Infarction of Rats via Anti-oxidative and Anti-apoptotic Pathways

Effects of in-yolk-sac administration of carvacrol on cholesterol resorption from yolk residuals and physiological adaptive indicators in broiler chicks exposed to neonatal fasting

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