Considerations for the assessement of environmental consequences of the 1991 Gulf War

Literathy, P.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(93)90042-i

Cited by 65 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Vanadium and nickel are by far the largest trace metal constituents of oils [7], and the V/Ni ratio has been used to study the origin of the oil spilt. Therefore, It was worth proposing a method for the simultaneous determination of V and Ni -together with a metal less abundant in the oil such as Cu -in seawater using ACSV in order to study the metal contamination in seawater from oil spill events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Ni and V in Seawater Using Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Ligands

et al. 2005

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An analytical procedure is proposed for the direct simultaneous determination in a single scan of Cu, Ni and V in seawater by means of adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ACSV) with mixed ligands (DMG and catechol). Optimum conditions for the determination of these three elements were studied. Detection limits of the technique depended upon the reproducibility of the procedura blank, and were found to be 0.5 nM for Cu, 0.4 nM for Ni and 0.3 nM for V. The method is suitable for the analysis of estuarine, coastal and open-ocean waters, and especially to study the metal contamination in areas subject to oil spill events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Ni and V in Seawater Using Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Ligands

et al. 2005

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“…Oil-related pollution inputs to the Gulf, especially the northern Gulf, are immense. PreGulf War inputs alone are estimated to have been 47 times that of the remaining total estimated global oil pollution (Golob & Bruss 1984), and estimates of direct Gulf War-related oil inputs range from 6 to 12 million barrels (Readman et al 1992, Cava et al 1993, Literathy 1993. In the northern Gulf, major point-source pollutant inputs include sewage outfalls from Kuwait City and outfalls associated with industrial, desalina-tion and power plant complexes to the north of Kuwait City.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First record of a fish-killing Gymnodinium sp. bloom in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Sea: chronology and potential causes

Heil¹,

Glibert²,

Al‐Sarawi³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

133

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Significant natural and aquaculture fish deaths in Kuwait Bay occurred from September to October of 1999 and were attributed to a bloom of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sp. A chronology of the bloom event suggests that a period of low winds and stable water-column structure preceded the bloom. Maximum cell concentrations of Gymnodinium sp. (> 6 × 10 6 cells l -1) were also immediately preceded by a more than 20-fold increase in mean inorganic nitrogen concentrations (up to 60 µM) and elevated inorganic phosphate concentrations. This, combined with elevated inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations within the bloom, suggests that coastal nutrient eutrophication was likely to have contributed significantly to bloom development and support. Termination of the Gymnodinium sp. bloom coincided with a bloom of the non-toxic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, which appeared as large red patches in Kuwait Bay. While no adverse human health effects were associated with the bloom, closure of shellfish and selected finfish (largely mullet Liza macrolepis) markets resulted in significant economic losses to the region. The occurrence of this toxic algal bloom event, the first within the Arabian Sea, highlights the need for monitoring and research programs in the Arabian Sea and Kuwait Bay that focus on nutrients and eutrophication, in addition to oil related pollution issues.

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“…This includes use of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides for agriculture, hazardous substance spills from refineries and Bandar Imam Petrochemical factories (Zolfaghari et al 2007), threats to water usage, availability and quality (Sima and Tajrishy 2006), heavy discharge from industry, heavy withdrawal of water for irrigation, and saline discharge from the local sugar cane refinery (Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi et al 2010). The area was also bombarded with chemical weapons during the Iran/Iraq war in the 1980s (Literathy 1993;Kanyamibwa 1998;Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi et al 2009, 2010) and the wetlands have been damaged by acid rainfall during the 1991 Gulf War (Scott 1995). The Mahshahr area is an oil field and has oil reservoirs and petrochemical companies (Alhashemi et al 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for modeling of city sustainable development based on fuzzy logic: a practical case

Jaderi¹,

Ibrahim²,

Jaafarzadeh³

et al. 2014

Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences

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Information on sustainability can be used for future development planning. This study presents an approach for assessing urban sustainability. Delphi and fuzzy logic methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test were the discovery and verification techniques used. The city system comprised social, economic, and environmental subsystems. The seven orientors of existence, effectiveness, freedom of action, security, adaptability, coexistence, and psychological need were measured using different indicators. The final sustainability output was obtained by aggregation of the multiple orientors and subsystems sustainability values into a unified measure. A fuzzy sustainability index was developed to compare the importance of the sustainability orientors and subsystems. The model was applied to Mahshahr, an industrialized coastal city in Iran. The model output for the subsystems showed significant differences between the economic and environmental subsystems and the social subsystem. The final sustainability output showed that the effectiveness orientor gave the highest sustainability value. The model is dynamic and can be modified for different purposes by changing the indicators. With this model, policy-makers can evaluate existing city sustainability and predict future sustainability by varying the indicators. This can be done on local, regional, and global scales for security and adaptation strategies, mitigation plans, and sustainable development management.

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Considerations for the assessement of environmental consequences of the 1991 Gulf War

Cited by 65 publications

References 4 publications

Direct Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Ni and V in Seawater Using Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Ligands

Direct Simultaneous Determination of Cu, Ni and V in Seawater Using Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Ligands

First record of a fish-killing Gymnodinium sp. bloom in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Sea: chronology and potential causes

Methodology for modeling of city sustainable development based on fuzzy logic: a practical case

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