Conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change

Delgado, Jorge A.; Groffman, Peter M.; Nearing, M. A.; Goddard, Tom; Reicosky, D. C.; Lal, Rattan; Kitchen, Newell R.; Rice, Charles W.; Towery, Dan; Salon, Paul

doi:10.2489/jswc.66.4.118a

Cited by 218 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Carboninduced improvements in soil attributes and related functions can positively affect crop yield and environmental quality 121 . Accordingly, management decisions leading to increased soil C in diverse cropping systems contribute to increased agroecosystem resilience under anticipated climate change 122,123 .…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Sanderson

Archer

Hendrickson

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

127

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Conservation agricultural systems rely on three principles to enhance ecosystem services: (1) minimizing soil disturbance, (2) maximizing soil surface cover and (3) stimulating biological activity. In this paper, we explore the concept of diversity and its role in maximizing ecosystem services from managed grasslands and integrated agricultural systems (i.e., integrated crop-livestock-forage systems) at the field and farm level. We also examine trade-offs that may be involved in realizing greater ecosystem services. Previous research on livestock production systems, particularly in pastureland, has shown improvements in herbage productivity and reduced weed invasion with increased forage diversity but little response in terms of animal production. Managing forage diversity in pastureland requires new tools to guide the selection and placement of plant mixtures across a farm according to site suitability and the goals of the producer. Integrated agricultural systems embrace the concept of dynamic cropping systems, which incorporates a long-term strategy of annual crop sequencing that optimizes crop and soil use options to attain production, economic and resource conservation goals by using sound ecological management principles. Integrating dynamic cropping systems with livestock production increases the complexity of management, but also creates synergies among system components that may improve resilience and sustainability while fulfilling multiple ecosystem functions. Diversified conservation agricultural systems can sustain crop and livestock production and provide additional ecosystem services such as soil C storage, efficient nutrient cycling and conservation of biodiversity.

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Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Sanderson

Archer

Hendrickson

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

127

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show abstract

“…The effect is particularly pronounced in the rural households of developing countries, such as Ethiopia, where the capacity to cope off the adverse effect is low [2,5]. The dynamics of climate change also execrate other issues, such as deforestation, land degradation and depletion of water resources that further complicating the challenge of food security [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Household Food Security in the Face of Climate Change and Variability in the Upper Blue-Nile of Ethiopia

Amare¹,

Simane²

2017

JAST-B

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It is widely recognized that climate variability and frequent droughts resulting from El-Nino phenomenon are among the major risk factors affecting agricultural production that might contribute to hunger and food insecurity in East Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular. The objectives of the present study were to examine the food security status and determinants of household food security among 442 randomly selected households in the Muger sub-basin of the Blue-Nile basin using household survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview data collection methods. Both descriptive statistics (mean, chi-square test and t-test) and binary logit econometric model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 57.8% of the households are food secure, while the remaining 42.2% of the households are food insecure. The binary logit regression results revealed that adoption of soil conservation, small-scale irrigation and employing different agronomic practices are important factors influencing household food security. Moreover, land holding and livestock ownership positively and significantly affected household's food security. The results further showed that family size and distance to the nearest market are important factors affecting food security in the inverse direction. The results highlighted careful investments on sustainable land management practices and small-scale irrigation that reduced sensitivity and increased the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers to the adverse effect of climate change and variability. This study further highlighted the significance of livestock ownership and landholding in attaining food security under changing climate. The findings call for action based on advocacy family planning to curb population growth and invest in creating functional value-chain that help farmers' viable market for their produces.

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“…Baker et al (2012) have gone further to suggest that perennial crops be combined with well engineered water management systems, which would allow spring drainage volumes (which are projected to increase) to be stored and subirrigated during summer (which are projected to be warmer and drier), thereby helping agriculture adapt to emerging food security, environmental, and climate change issues. Delgado et al (2011) discussed the opportunities for agriculture to mitigate climate change through conservation practices that can sequester carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and conserve the energy resources expended in agricultural production. Their review focused on management of crop residue and SOM, use of perennials and diversification of crop rotations, development of technologies to target practices, capture nutrients, and reduce emissions, and obtaining synergy from complementary conservation efforts including agroforestry and riparian practices.…”

Section: Implications For Aquatic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence of agricultural intensification and climate change in the Midwestern United States: implications for soil and water conservation

Hatfield

Cruse

Tomer

2013

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. Society faces substantial challenges to expand food production while adapting to climatic changes and ensuring ecosystem services are maintained. A convergence of these issues is occurring in the Midwestern United States, i.e. the 'cornbelt' region that provides substantial grain supplies to world markets but is also well known for its contribution to hypoxic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico due to agricultural nutrient losses. This review examines anticipated trends in climate and possible consequences for grain production and soil resource management in this region. The historic climate of this region has been ideal for large-scale agriculture, and its soils are among the world's most productive. Yet under current trends, degradation of the soil resource threatens our capacity to ensure a stable food supply and a clean environment in the face of a changing climate. A set of strategies and practices can be implemented to meet these challenges by maintaining and improving hydrologic and plant-growth functions of soil, which will improve outcomes for aquatic ecosystems and for the agricultural sector. Soil management ensures our long-term capacity to provide a reliable food supply, and mitigates pressures to expand agricultural practices into marginal croplands that would lead to further environmental degradation.

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Conservation practices to mitigate and adapt to climate change

Cited by 218 publications

References 23 publications

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems

Assessment of Household Food Security in the Face of Climate Change and Variability in the Upper Blue-Nile of Ethiopia

Convergence of agricultural intensification and climate change in the Midwestern United States: implications for soil and water conservation

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