Conservation of sleep: insights from non-mammalian model systems

Zimmerman, John E.; Naidoo, Nirinjini; Raizen, David M.; Pack, Allan I.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.05.001

Cited by 149 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…[24][25][26] Recently, sleep has been characterized in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a model system frequently used for studies of learning and memory. Sleep in Aplysia occurs during the night in long bouts, with virtually no daytime sleep evident, and is characterized by preferred body position, preferred rest location, and decreased responsiveness to appetitive and aversive sensory stimuli.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

Krishnan

Gandour

Ramos

et al. 2016

Sleep

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Study Objectives: Insufficient sleep in individuals appears increasingly common due to the demands of modern work schedules and technology use. Consequently, there is a growing need to understand the interactions between sleep deprivation and memory. The current study determined the effects of acute sleep deprivation on short and long-term associative memory using the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a relatively simple model system well known for studies of learning and memory. Methods: Aplysia were sleep deprived for 9 hours using context changes and tactile stimulation either prior to or after training for the operant learning paradigm, learning that food is inedible (LFI). The effects of sleep deprivation on short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) were assessed. Results: Acute sleep deprivation prior to LFI training impaired the induction of STM and LTM with persistent effects lasting at least 24 h. Sleep deprivation immediately after training blocked the consolidation of LTM. However, sleep deprivation following the period of molecular consolidation did not affect memory recall. Memory impairments were independent of handling-induced stress, as daytime handled control animals demonstrated no memory deficits. Additional training immediately after sleep deprivation failed to rescue the induction of memory, but additional training alleviated the persistent impairment in memory induction when training occurred 24 h following sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Acute sleep deprivation inhibited the induction and consolidation, but not the recall of memory. These behavioral studies establish Aplysia as an effective model system for studying the interactions between sleep and memory formation.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

Krishnan

Gandour

Ramos

et al. 2016

Sleep

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“…(e) Sleep Sleep is another good model to examine homology of gene function in behaviour [77][78][79][80]. A number of behavioural criteria can be used to compare sleep between species [81].…”

Section: (D) Genetic Analyses Of Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of gene function in behaviour

Reaume

Sokolowski

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Behaviour genetic research has shown that a given gene or gene pathway can influence categorically similar behaviours in different species. Questions about the conservation of gene function in behaviour are increasingly tractable. This is owing to the surge of DNA and 'omics data, bioinformatic tools, as well as advances in technologies for behavioural phenotyping. Here, we discuss how gene function, as a hierarchical biological phenomenon, can be used to examine behavioural homology across species. The question can be addressed independently using different levels of investigation including the DNA sequence, the gene's position in a genetic pathway, spatial-temporal tissue expression and neural circuitry. Selected examples from the literature are used to illustrate this point. We will also discuss how qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the behavioural phenotype, its function and the importance of environmental and social context should be used in cross-species comparisons. We conclude that (i) there are homologous behaviours, (ii) they are hard to define and (iii) neurogenetics and genomics investigations should help in this endeavour.

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“…Sleep behavior is conserved in all animal species (Siegel, 2005;Zimmerman et al, 2008) and sleep disorders represent a major public health challenge. The sleep disorder narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmentation of sleep during the night, sleep paralysis, dream-like hypnagogic hallucinations, and cataplexy (brief loss of muscle tone triggered by emotional stimuli).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Ablation of Hypocretin Neurons Alters Behavioral State Transitions in Zebrafish

et al. 2012

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Sleep is an essential biological need of all animals studied to date. The sleep disorder narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmentation of nighttime sleep, and cataplexy. Narcolepsy is caused by selective degeneration of hypothalamic hypocretin/ orexin (HCRT) neurons. In mammals, HCRT neurons primarily regulate the sleep/wake cycle, feeding, reward-seeking, and addiction. The role of HCRT neurons in zebrafish is implicated in both sleep and wake regulation. We established a transgenic zebrafish model enabling inducible ablation of HCRT neurons and used these animals to understand the function of HCRT neurons and narcolepsy. Loss of HCRT neurons increased the expression of the HCRT receptor (hcrtr). Behavioral assays revealed that HCRT neuron-ablated larvae had normal locomotor activity, but demonstrated an increase in sleep time during the day and an increased number of sleep/wake transitions during both day and night. Mild sleep disturbance reduced sleep and increased c-fos expression in HCRT neuron-ablated larvae. Furthermore, ablation of HCRT neurons altered the behavioral response to external stimuli. Exposure to light during the night decreased locomotor activity of wild-type siblings, but induced an opposite response in HCRT neuron-ablated larvae. Sound stimulus during the day reduced the locomotor activity of wild-type sibling larvae, while HCRT neuron-ablated larvae demonstrated a hyposensitive response. This study establishes zebrafish as a model for narcolepsy, and indicating a role of HCRT neurons in regulation of sleep/wake transitions during both day and night. Our results further suggest a key role of HCRT neurons in mediating behavioral state transitions in response to external stimuli.

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Conservation of sleep: insights from non-mammalian model systems

Cited by 149 publications

References 67 publications

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

Conservation of gene function in behaviour

Genetic Ablation of Hypocretin Neurons Alters Behavioral State Transitions in Zebrafish

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