Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing

Leist, Marcel

doi:10.14573/altex.1406091

Cited by 132 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…They play a critical role for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation as they feed critical information beyond structure and modeling of kinetics (Basketter et al, 2012;Leist et al, 2014), which is a key element of translating in vitro results to a dose paradigm, thus enabling the implementation of a Toxicology for the 21 st Century (Hartung, 2009). While ethical constraints, legislation, rising costs and concerns over the predictive value of animal experiments may be responsible for the altered level of awareness of in vitro models, the interest in epithelia as such has primarily to do with the duality and, by virtue of this, the importance of their function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Gordon

Daneshian

Bouwstra

et al. 2015

ALTEX

117

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SummaryModels of the outer epithelia of the human body -namely the skin, the intestine and the lung -have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive alternatives to animal testing. A variety of approaches to model these barriers are currently employed in such fields, ranging from the utilization of ex vivo tissue to reconstructed in vitro models, and further to chip-based technologies, synthetic membrane systems and, of increasing current interest, in silico modeling approaches. An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers in their various fields of application, and to discuss research-based, industry-driven and regulatory-relevant future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods. Issues of model relevance and preference, validation and standardization, acceptance, and the need for simplicity versus complexity were focal themes of the discussions. The outcomes of workshop presentations and discussions, in relation to both current status and future directions in the utilization and development of epithelial barrier models, are presented by the attending experts in the current report.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Gordon

Daneshian

Bouwstra

et al. 2015

ALTEX

117

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“…These were the low-hanging fruits of acute and topical effects. However, strategies to replace the more challenging systemic and repeated-dose toxicity tests are emerging (Basketter et al, 2012;Leist et al, 2014). Increasing public concern about the use of animals in research affects scientists, whether they share the concerns or not, as legislation increasingly creates more restrictions [as in the most recent laboratory animal welfare legislation in Europe (Hartung, 2010a)].…”

Section: Animal Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of toxicological science: the need for change

Hartung

2017

IJRAM

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Evolution requires change but the field of toxicology has not kept pace. The top ten problems urging change are: 1) disparity of testing requirements and risk acceptance for different products and geographical areas; 2) throughput and testing costs versus testing needs; 3) limited predictivity for humans; 4) precautionary approaches from drug development adapted to other areas; 5) animal use; 6) traditional tests unsuitable for new products; 7) lack of coverage for new hazards; 8) failure to address mixtures of toxicants; 9) lack of coverage for individual susceptibilities and vulnerable subpopulations; 10) poor basic research and publication standards. The intransigence at the root of these problems is discussed with reference to current international toxicological policies and methods. For each, the limitations are reviewed with reference to key literature. While current approaches are still needed, there is room for substantial change. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, revolution rather than evolution is required.

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“…Todos os anos, milhares de animais são utilizados em testes de toxicidade e em pesquisas biomédicas, em áreas como processos alergênicos, alterações celulares e carcinogênese (Knight, 2008, Leist et al, 2014. Todavia, estudos demonstram que, em pesquisas sobre toxicidade, experiências com animais são insuficientes para fornecer benefícios substanciais que permitam o desenvolvimento de pesquisas clínicas em humanos (Knight, 2007a, Hartung andCorsini, 2013).…”

Section: Estudos Toxicológicosunclassified

Propostas pedagógicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no ensino superior: uma revisão

Carniatto

2017

Pubvet

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RESUMO.Animais são utilizados em atividades de ensino e pesquisa há vários séculos, principalmente em estudos relacionados à anatomia, fisiologia e recentemente à farmacologia; são, também, utilizados em aulas práticas e em atividades didáticas de diversos cursos de graduação. Entretanto, com a crescente discussão sobre os direitos dos animais não humanos, e cientes da responsabilidade do homem na conservação do planeta e na manutenção da biodiversidade, se faz necessário desenvolver recursos alternativos ao uso de animais no ensino e na pesquisa no nível superior. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o uso de métodos substitutivos à experimentação animal, através de consultas a periódicos nacionais e internacionais relacionados à bioética, experimentação animal, vivissecção e recursos alternativos. Foram encontrados métodos substitutos à experimentação animal, que podem ser aplicados em cursos superiores no Brasil, sobretudo em estudos e pesquisas biomédicas, farmacêuticas e toxicológicas. O uso de animais em atividades práticas, onde estes são sacrificados apenas para observação de estruturas anatômicas ou visualização de processos fisiológicos já conhecidos e estabelecidos, pode ser substituído por gravações e/ou modelos anatômicos. O uso de recursos alternativos é um processo tecnológico, porém lento, que deve ser desenvolvido, implantado e incentivado pelo professor universitário, afirmando sua responsabilidade social e científica.Palavras chave: Bioética, didática no ensino superior, experimentação animal Pedagogical proposals for the use of animals in higher education: a review ABSTRACT. Animals are used in teaching and research activities for centuries, especially in studies related to anatomy, physiology and, recently, pharmacology; they are also used in practical classes and educational activities of undergraduate courses. However, with the growing discussion on the rights of nonhuman animals, and aware of the responsibility of man in the preservation of the planet and in maintaining biodiversity, it is necessary to develop alternative resources to the use of animals in teaching and research in higher education. This study aimed to investigate the use of substitutive methods to animal testing, consultation national and international journals related to bioethics, animal experimentation, vivisection and alternative resources. There are substitute's methods to animal testing, which can be applied to higher education in Brazil, especially in education and biomedical, pharmaceutical and toxicological researches. The use of animals in practical activities where they are sacrificed just to observe anatomical structures or visualization physiological processes that are already known and established, can be replaced by recordings or anatomical models. The use of alternative resources is a technological process, though slow, which should be developed, deployed, and encouraged by the professor, saying his social and scientific responsibility.

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Consensus report on the future of animal-free systemic toxicity testing

Cited by 132 publications

References 82 publications

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology

Evolution of toxicological science: the need for change

Propostas pedagógicas substitutivas ao uso de animais no ensino superior: uma revisão

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