Consciência sintática e coerência central no espectro autístico

Varanda, Cristina

doi:10.11606/t.5.2011.tde-11042011-193837

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a fundamental role in the development and appropriate use of language in a social context, more specifically to take decisions in regard to the use of linguistic representations available (Deák, 2003). On the other hand, Varanda (2011) identified the presence of failure in social interaction attempts and social response adequacy, to be linked with joint attention deficits. According to Varanda and Fernandes (2017) difficulties in the fast shifting of attentional focus (which is considered a sub-component of cognitive flexibility) can contribute to an increased joint attention failure.…”

Section: Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review

Costescu¹,

Pitariu²,

David³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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social communication represents one of the main areas of impairment in the case of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (APA, 2013). Several studies have investigated predictors in this domain; however, the results are mostly inconsistent or lack clarity. The purpose of this theoretical review is to analyze studies that address vocabulary, prosody, and cognitive flexibility in relation to deficits in pragmatic language, in the case of individuals with ASD. This synthesis was conducted on 18 studies, based on a systematic search of ScienceDirect and NCBI (PubMed and PubMed Central) databases. A number of 1523 participants were included in the analyzed studies. Results indicate that prosody has a major impact on social communication. However, difficulties in processing prosody do not account as the only predictors in the general abilities of language and communication. Regarding the executive functioning, future research is needed to fully understand the relationship between social communication and cognitive flexibility.

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Section: Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review

Costescu¹,

Pitariu²,

David³

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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“…If these procedures result in well-adapted representations and actions directed to the changes in the demands of the tasks or situations, it is possible to state that these processes happened due to the flexible cognition. Individuals on the autism spectrum present failures in cognitive flexibility and it is supposed that this may be related to their failures in communication and social interaction abilities and in patterns of restricted interests and stereotyped behavior (Varanda, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Cognitive Flexibility, Communication, Social Interaction and Interest Patterns of Persons with Autism as a Basis for Intervention

Varanda

Fernandes²

2015

PSYCH

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The prevalence of people on the autism spectrum can vary from 1% to 1.5% of the population, nowadays. Besides an adequate diagnosis, specialized treatment offered to these people must be a priority for the public health policies and a target of interest for researchers and health professionals. Autism is characterized by the presence of deficits in communication, social interaction and patterns of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. One of the theories that explain autism points out to disorders in some higher order functions such as failures in cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and working memory. In this study, 18 persons with autism were assessed in the areas of non-verbal intelligence, cognitive flexibility besides the affected areas in autism: communication, social interaction and patterns of interests and behavior. The aim was to verify if there was a correlation between failures in cognitive flexibility and the main impairments of the autism spectrum. Raven's Progressive Matrices, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-WCST and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised-ADI-R were used. Although correlation between WCST and ADI-R scores did not reach conventional statistical significance on most categories, the category failure to maintain set (FMS) in WCST and difficulties in social interaction in ADI-R were positively correlated with statistical significance. This result indicates a deficit of focused attention related to the subjects' inability to successfully perform or maintain a social interaction situation. This would not support the idea that these subjects fail to flexibly shift their focus of attention from one stimulus to the other in a social interaction situation. On the contrary, it seems that they shift their focus of attention constantly, once their inability to maintain set is positively correlated with difficulties in social interaction. Nevertheless, further research with a larger number of subjects is necessary in order to clarify if FMS assesses distractibility or cognitive flexibility.

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“…Syntactic awareness is a metalinguistic task and requires resources from the central executive system such as self-monitoring as self-regulation to be accomplished successfully. When assessing profiles of communication and social interactions, Varanda (2011) ascertained the presence of failure in social interaction attempts and social response adequacy, indicating a probable primary deficit, which is joint attention deficit. Joint attention refers to social cognition and a variety of behaviors such as following attention (imitation, social reference) and drawing attention such as pointing, language, protodeclarative, and protoimperative gestures (Stahl & Pry, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two studies had the aim to test the previous hypothesis that there would be a relationship between syntactic awareness and central coherence, nonverbal intelligence, social and communicative development, as well as development of behaviors and interests and to test the hypothesis that there would be varied linguistic profiles concerning syntax among subjects with autism. However, only in her third study (Varanda, 2011) that was based on analyses made on case reports, relying on information given by the parents of the individuals with autism in an interview, it was possible to formulate a hypothesis instead of corroborating hypotheses previously thought as in the other two studies. The two studies developed in laboratory testing the subjects under controlled conditions together with the complementary findings of the third study offered high ecological validity.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive flexibility has been pointed as an ability which allows people to be successful in swifting their attentional focus in complex tasks such as social interaction situations, for instance, and deficits in this ability can harm other abilities in autism as verified by Varanda (2011). Therefore, the suggestion of using play and games for the improvement of cognitive flexibility, planning ability, and flexible use of language among children and adolescents with autism can minimize the negative impact that the lack of behavioral repertoire presented by individuals with autism for accomplishing daily tasks at home and school.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive flexibility training intervention among children with autism: a longitudinal study

Varanda

Fernandes

2017

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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Autism is defined by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction in multiple contexts as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. There are also reported difficulties in the dynamic activation and modification of cognitive processes in response to changes in tasks' demands. Such difficulties are believed to be due to poor flexible cognition. This research aimed to assess and intervene in cognitive flexibility in subjects with autism. Ten subjects diagnosed with autism by psychiatrists, aged 5 years to 13 years and 5 months, were assessed in non-verbal intelligence through Raven's Progressive Matrices in pretest. They were also assessed in cognitive flexibility through Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and in patterns of social interactions, behaviors, and communication through Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). An intervention program of 14 to 21 sessions was established to enhance cognitive flexibility. In posttest, they were assessed in WCST and ADI-R. All measures of cognitive flexibility improved in posttest except for failure to maintain set. Among the measures improved in posttest, perseverative errors and responses improved in posttest with statistical significance as well as categories completed. Total scores on ADI-R were lower in posttest as well as scores on communication abilities. The qualitative improvement showed by the individuals of this research concerning cognitive flexibility and also patterns of restricted behavior, social interaction, and communication abilities suggests that individuals with autism can benefit from the development of strategies for the enhancement of cognitive flexibility. Nevertheless, more research is suggested with a larger sample among subjects on the autism spectrum.

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Consciência sintática e coerência central no espectro autístico

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review

social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review

Assessing Cognitive Flexibility, Communication, Social Interaction and Interest Patterns of Persons with Autism as a Basis for Intervention

Cognitive flexibility training intervention among children with autism: a longitudinal study

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