Conifer root and butt rot caused by <i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> (Fr.) Bref. <i>s.l.</i>

Asiegbu, Fred O.; Adomas, Aleksandra; Stenlid, Jan

doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00295.x

Cited by 239 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(170 reference statements)

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“…The fungus Heterobasidion annosum is the most destructive pathogen for forest trees in the Northern Hemisphere, causing root and butt rot, especially in conifers such as Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (Asiegbu et al 2005). As a necrotroph, H. annosum is capable of infecting and destroying living conifer roots and stems of all ages, as well as dead trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and β-glucan binding properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) antimicrobial protein (Sp-AMP)

et al. 2011

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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) secretes a number of small, highly-related, disulfide-rich proteins (Sp-AMPs) in response to challenges with fungal pathogens such as Heterobasidion annosum, although their biological role has been unknown. Here, we examined the expression patterns of these genes, as well as the structure and function of the encoded proteins. Northern blots and quantitative real time PCR showed increased levels of expression that are sustained during the interactions of host trees with pathogens, but not non-pathogens, consistent with a function in conifer tree defenses. Furthermore, the genes were up-regulated after treatment with salicylic acid and an ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid, but neither methyl jasmonate nor H 2 O 2 induced expression, indicating that Sp-AMP gene expression is independent of the jasmonic acid signaling pathways. The cDNA encoding one of the proteins was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified protein had antifungal activity against H. annosum, and caused morphological changes in its hyphae and spores. It was directly shown to bind soluble and insoluble β-(1,3)-glucans, specifically and with high affinity. Furthermore, addition of exogenous glucan is linked to higher levels of Sp-AMP expression in the conifer. Homology modeling and sequence comparisons suggest that a conserved patch on the surface of the globular Sp-AMP is a carbohydrate-binding site that can accommodate approximately four sugar units. We conclude that these proteins belong to a new family of antimicrobial proteins that are likely to act by binding the glucans that are a major component of fungal cell walls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and β-glucan binding properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) antimicrobial protein (Sp-AMP)

et al. 2011

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“…Thus the white-rot fungal conversion of lignin in wood coincides with hydrolysis of the storage and structural cell wall polysaccharides by carbohydrate-acting such as cellulases and hemicellulases (Hatakka and Hammel, 2010;Lundell et al, 2010). The white-rot basidiomycete H. annosum species complex is the most important cause of root and butt rot of conifers in the Northern Hemisphere (Asiegbu et al, 2005). For the two Eurasian species H. annosum sensu stricto and Heterobasidion parviporum (Niemelä and Korhonen, 1998), both selective and non-selective wood lignin decay modes have been reported (Daniel et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes associated with lignin degradation in the polyphagous white-rot pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare show substrate-specific regulation

Yakovlev¹,

Hietala²,

Courty

et al. 2013

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…The heartwood of living Norway spruce trees is usually the target for Heterobasidion attack in wetter climates (Pratt et al 1998;Asiegbu et al 2005). This finding may be related to the fact that heartwood is composed of dead cells and their active response to infection is lacking (Pearce 1996).…”

Section: Sampling Position Effects Along the Stem On H Annosum Sl mentioning

confidence: 73%

Heterobasidion annosum s.l. and wood degradation of Norway spruce (Picea abies): the effects of sectioning, crown type and wood properties

Rodriguez¹

2013

Diss. For.

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Heterobasidion annosum s.l. is a serious forest pathogen that causes significant economic losses, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In Finland, the H. annosum s.s. and H. parviporum within the Heterobasidion complex affect the growth and wood properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and its suitability for different industrial purposes. The main aim of this PhD thesis was to study the wood degradation (WD) caused by H. annosum s.l. and enzymatic hydrolysis under laboratory conditions in wood specimens representing different genotypes and crown types of Norway spruce, and at positions along the stem. Furthermore, the relationship between WD and different traits such as tree growth, physical properties and wood chemical composition, as well as the production of reducing sugars (RS), were also studied.The WD differed between normal-crowned Norway spruce clones, but not between normal-and narrow-crowned trees. H. annosum s.s. caused a higher WD than H. parviporum. The WD was also affected by the position within the wood discs, along the stem and by the age of the sample trees. In older trees, samples taken near the pith were more degraded than those taken near the bark and vice versa. In younger trees, wood density correlated negatively with WD. Positive correlations were also observed between RS and WD, suggesting that genotypes susceptible to WD may represent desired raw material for some other industries in which the hydrolysis of the main wood components is essential (i.e., biorefining). To conclude, this thesis showed that the genotypic variation observed in breeding material may represent an advantage for forest tree breeding to control and avoid Heterobasidion attacks, especially when studied along with other important traits and considering silvicultural practices such as the thinning regime and rotation length that may affect WD risk by H. annosum.

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Conifer root and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. s.l.

Abstract: silvicultural methods (e.g. stump removal), chemicals (urea, borates) and biological control agent (Phlebiopsis gigantea, marketed as PG Suspension(R) in the UK, PG IBL(R) in Poland and Rotstop(R) in Fennoscandia) are commonly used approaches for minimizing the disease spread.

Cited by 239 publications

References 131 publications

Expression and β-glucan binding properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) antimicrobial protein (Sp-AMP)

Expression and β-glucan binding properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) antimicrobial protein (Sp-AMP)

Genes associated with lignin degradation in the polyphagous white-rot pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare show substrate-specific regulation

Heterobasidion annosum s.l. and wood degradation of Norway spruce (Picea abies): the effects of sectioning, crown type and wood properties

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