Congruent evidence from α-tubulin and β-tubulin gene phylogenies for a zygomycete origin of microsporidia

Keeling, Patrick J.

doi:10.1016/s1087-1845(02)00537-6

Cited by 195 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Other traits, including genome size and features of the transcriptional apparatus, are closer to that found in prokaryotes. Finally, some unique signatures (presence of chitin and trehalose, diplokaryotic stages in some species) and phylogenic analyses revealed a fungi and probably zygomycete origin of microsporidia (Canning et al, 1998;Keeling, 2003;Mathis, 2000;Muller, 1997 …”

Section: The Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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ummary :Human microsporidian infections have emerged following the onset of the AIDS pandemic. Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic parasites that form spores. They are an exceptionally diverse group of parasites that infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells in numerous invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Of the 14 species newly described as pathogens in human, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, which causes gastrointestinal diseases, is the most common agent of human infections. In the past fifteen years, E. bieneusi was also identified in environmental sources, especially in surface water, as well as in wild, domestic and farm animals. These findings raised concerns for waterborne, foodborne and zoonotic transmission. Molecular analyses of the 243-bp internal Transcribed spacer-(ITS) of the rRNA gene have revealed a considerable genetic variation within E. bieneusi isolates of human and animal origins, supporting the potential for zoonotic transmission. The focus of this revue is to present and discuss recent advances in diagnosis and zoonotic potential of E. bieneusi infections.

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Section: The Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

2008

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“…However, results of these studies were challenged by subsequent molecular analyses using other protein sequences, such as aand b-tubulin, and RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1), which support the relatively late ancestry of Microsporidia, implying a phylogenetic affinity to the Fungi (reviewed in Keeling and Fast, 2002). Furthermore, recent analysis based on a-and b-tubulin indicates that Microsporidia originated from within the Zygomycota (Keeling, 2003). Cavalier-Smith (1998) speculatively proposed that the possible zygomycete relatives of Microsporidia are the Harpellales, and discussed the hypothetical homology between harpellalean spore bodies (possibly involved in the attachment to the host's gut, i.e., holdfast formation) and microsporidian polar tubes (involved in the injection of cellular contents to the host).…”

Section: Did Microsporidia Evolve From Within the Fungi?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other problem is a potential taxon sampling bias, which is also known to affect phylogeny reconstruction (Lecointre et al, 1993). This might have affected previous phylogenetic studies, because analyses of all but two genes (a-and b-tubulin; see Keeling, 2003) did not include sequences from basal fungi. To overcome a possible sampling-bias effect, we recently analyzed EF-1a and RPB1 genes including broader representatives of basal fungi (Tanabe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Did Microsporidia Evolve From Within the Fungi?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics

Tanabe

Watanabe

Sugiyama³

2005

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Evolutionary relationships of the two basal fungal phyla Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are reviewed in light of recent molecular phylogenetic investigation based on rDNA (nSSU, nLSU rDNA), entire mitochondrial genomes, and nuclear protein coding gene sequences (e.g., EF-1a a, RPB1). Accumulated molecular evidence strongly suggests that the two basal fungal phyla are not monophyletic. For example, the chytridiomycete order Blastocladiales appears to be closely related to the zygomycete order Entomophthorales. Within the Zygomycota, a monophyletic clade, consisting of the Dimargaritales, Harpellales, and Kickxellales, which is characterized by a shared unique septal ultrastructure, was identified. Moreover, evidence for the exclusion of zygomycete orders Amoebidiales and Eccrinales from the Fungi, and their placement at the Animal-Fungi boundary has been clearly documented. Microsporidia, a group of amitochondriate organisms currently under intensive study, is not supported as derived within the Fungi, but a fungal affinity cannot be ruled out. Taking these molecular phylogenetic studies into account, we proposed a hypothetical evolutionary framework of basal fungi.Key Words-Chytridiomycota; Fungi; Microsporidia; molecular phylogeny; nSSU rDNA; RPB1; Zygomycota J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 51, 267-276 (2005) Invited Review * Present address, and address reprint requests to: Dr. Junta Sugiyama, TechnoSuruga Co., Ltd. (formerly NCIMB Japan), Tokyo Office, Ogawamachi Kita Bldg. 4F, 1-8-3 Kanda Ogawamachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0052, Japan. E-mail: jsugiyam@tecsrg.co.jp basal fungal phyla as suggested by accumulating molecular phylogenetic studies, especially emphasizing supra-ordinal relationships. Non-monophyletic nature of ChytridiomycotaCurrently, the Chytridiomycota contains five orders: the Blastocladiales, Chytridiales, Neocallimastigales, Monoblepharidales, and Spizellomycetales (Hawksworth et al., 1995). This classification scheme is based primarily on zoospore ultrastructure (Barr, 1990). Results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA sequences suggest that the Spizellomycetales, Neocallimastigales, and Monoblepharidales are monophyletic (James et al., 2000;Li and Heath, 1992), supporting the validity of the proposed chytrid higher-level taxonomy. The Chytridiales, however, appears to be polyphyletic as are some chytrid genera (e.g., Rhizophydium; James et al., 2000). rDNA analyses, however, have not resolved the interordinal relationships of the Chytridiomycota, which might be due to the lack of phylogenetic signal within rDNA sequences (James et al., 2000). Although taxon sampling has been limited, analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences has provided a clearer framework of chytridiomycete phylogeny. This analysis suggests that the Monoblepharidales branched earlier than a well-supported Chytridiales-Spizellomycetales lineage (Bullerwell et al., 2003a). In the mtDNA analysis, the phylogenetic position of the Blastocladiales is not statistically re- Barr (1980) a This classification sche...

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“…Initially thought to be protozoans in the kingdom Protista, new molecular biology data has suggested their affinity for fungi (Müller, 1997;Franzen and Müller, 1999). Recent analyses have consistently confirmed this hypothesis (Keeling, 2003;Keeling and Slamovits, 2004;Fischer and Palmer, 2005;Lee et al, 2008). Microsporidia constitute a group of extremely specialised obligate intracellular sporeproducing parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Histological analysis of thelohaniasis in white-clawed crayfishAustropotamobius pallipescomplex

Quaglio

Capovilla

Fioravanti

et al. 2011

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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Key-words:Thelohania contejeani, Austropotamobius pallipes complex, white-clawed crayfish, north-eastern Italy, histologyFrom 2004 to 2006, a parasitological survey aimed at the detection of the microsporidian parasite Thelohania contejeani Henneguy was carried out on 177 wild white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes complex) captured in six streams and rivers of the province of Belluno in north-eastern Italy. Microscopical examination of the skeletal muscles, and histological analysis applying different histochemical stains to full transverse and sagittal sections of the cephalothorax and abdomen were carried out. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also conducted on the parasites recovered during the survey. Out of 177 crayfish examined, Thelohania contejeani (Microsporidia, Thelohaniidae) was present in only one crayfish from the Vena d'oro creek. The parasite was detected in the skeletal muscles in several developmental stages, including mature spores, which represented the most common stage recovered. Sporophorous vesicles were also present. Histological examination revealed that the fibres of the skeletal, cardiac and intestinal muscles were filled with spores. Melanin infiltrations were focally present in the infected striated muscles. The gill phagocytic nephrocytes were engulfed by small masses of spores. Among the staining techniques applied, Crossman's trichrome stain represented the most effective method of detecting T. contejeani. RÉSUMÉAnalyse histologique de thelohaniasis dans le complexe spécifique des écrevisses à pattes blanches Austropotamobius pallipes Article published by EDP Sciences Mots-clés :

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Congruent evidence from α-tubulin and β-tubulin gene phylogenies for a zygomycete origin of microsporidia

Cited by 195 publications

References 34 publications

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

Enterocytozoon bieneusiin human and animals, focus on laboratory identification and molecular epidemiology

Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics

Histological analysis of thelohaniasis in white-clawed crayfishAustropotamobius pallipescomplex

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