Congenital Kala-Azar and Leishmaniasis in the Placenta

Eltoum, Isam A.; Zijlstra, E.E.; Ali, Mohamed S.; Ghalib, H. W.; Satti, Mohamed; Eltoum, Bushra; Elhassan, Ahmed M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.57

Cited by 91 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…The reported cases of congenital leishmaniasis mainly involved untreated symptomatic women. Cure of newborns submitted to post-natal treatment was observed in 73% of cases 4,18 -23,26 while death occurred in 27% of cases 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala‐Azar) and Pregnancy

Figueiró-Filho

Duarte

El-Beitune

et al. 2003

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective: The aim of the present review was to close the gap in the approach to pregnant women with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) by providing up-to-date information to obstetricians about physiopathology, epidemiology, vertical transmission, drugs and treatment during pregnancy. Background: Infection with Leishmania chagasi during pregnancy is rare and deserves special attention since little information is available regarding the occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis during gestational period and the real possibility of vertical transmission of this disease. Because specific areas in the world are endemic for the disease and considering the continuous growth of the population, cases of pregnant women with visceral leishmaniasis are becoming more frequent. Unfortunately, textbooks on infectious diseases do not include this specific group of patients, and studies in the literature on aspects related to pregnancy and visceral leishmaniasis are scarce. Conclusions: Vertical transmission of leishmaniasis is possible and the institution of treatment is imperative in cases of pregnant women with kala-azar. Amphotericin B is strongly recommended as the first choice drug due to its fewer maternal-fetal adverse effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Eltoum et al 24 reported two cases of congenital kala-azar in the Sudan. The first child, whose mother had contracted kala-azar in southern Sudan, was born in a Sudan area where no transmissions of leishmaniasis were currently occurring.…”

Section: Vertical Transmission Of Visceral Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala‐Azar) and Pregnancy

Figueiró-Filho

Duarte

El-Beitune

et al. 2003

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Vertical transmission of leishmaniasis has not been documented in dogs but some authors think that it may play a role in the spread of canine VL (22). Vertical transmission of VL via the placenta has been reported in humans (4,6,17,24), but the haemochorialis type placenta of humans is probably less of a barrier to transmission than the endothelial chorialis placenta of the dog (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that transmission by another mode occurs quite often in endemic regions having a high infection rate but is not appreciated because possible contact with a sandfly cannot be excluded with certainty. Reports of human infection by stet other than sandflies are spurious and include a case of venereal contamination, infection by the bite of an infected hamster, transmission via a blood transfusion, and vertical transmission via the placenta (4,6,9,17,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of autochthonous canine leishmaniasis in the Netherlands

Diaz-Espineira

Slappendel²

1997

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARYThe transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the absence of its natural vector, the sandfly, is considered exceptional. This report describes VL in a 12-month-old dog which had never been in an area in which VL is endemic but was born in the Netherlands from a bitch that had been infected in Spain. Although the mode of transmission, via the placenta or otherwise, is unknown, it can be concluded that bitches with VL can be a source of infection for their pups, even in a sandfly-free non-endemic area. The dog was successfully treated with allopurinol.

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“…Among the changes that have been observed in the placentas of babies from mothers with visceral leishmaniasis, ischemic-thrombotic-type changes are particularly notable when babies have a low birth weight or fetal death occurs during pregnancy. 7,8 Premature deliveries have been observed in cases of maternal infection with visceral leishmaniasis. 9 Because of variability in the population and the lack of evidence linking leishmaniasis infection to pregnancy in these cases, several research groups have proposed infection models in which animals are infected with visceral strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transplacental Transmission of Cutaneous Leishmania mexicana Strain in BALB/c Mice

Avila-García

Mancilla-Ramı́rez

Segura-Cervantes

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The vertical transmission of leishmaniasis has been reported in species that cause visceral leishmaniasis. However, this condition has scarcely been documented in species that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to determine experimentally whether L. mexicana is transmitted vertically. A control group of BALB/c mice and a group infected with L. mexicana were mated, the gestation was monitored, and females were killed before delivery. Four resorptions (P = 0.023) and eight fetal deaths (P = 0.010) were observed in the infected female group; furthermore, the offspring body weight of the infected group was lower than the body weight of the healthy group (P = 0.009). DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that all placentas and maternal spleens as well as 39 of 110 fetal spleens obtained from the offspring of infected mothers tested positive for Leishmania. In conclusion, L. mexicana is transmitted transplacentally and causes fetal death, resorption, and reduction in offspring body weight.

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Congenital Kala-Azar and Leishmaniasis in the Placenta

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala‐Azar) and Pregnancy

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala‐Azar) and Pregnancy

A case of autochthonous canine leishmaniasis in the Netherlands

Transplacental Transmission of Cutaneous Leishmania mexicana Strain in BALB/c Mice

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