“…Nanoparticles (NPs) [35,37,50,83,84,97,98], quantum dots [34,44], other low-dimentional structures [30,32,39,52,70,71,76,79,80,81,85,89,93,95,99] and thin films [31,51,72,73] were also applied. [57], b) SEM images of ZnO nanowires grown on sapphire (0001) substrate 2 [46], c) SEM image of uniform ZnO nanorods 3 [43], d) TEM image of ZnO QDs 4 [19], e) SEM images of ZnO NRs grown on T_Si 5 [48], and f) SEM image of r-IgGs/Nano-ZnO/ITO electrode 6 [39] The most extensively used biological detecting material (analyte) can be classified into the next groups: -Low-molecular compounds: uric acid, urea, riboflavin, dopamine, ochratoxin (OTA), 4-amino-benzenethiol (4-ABT), and 1,3,5-trinitro-perhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX); -Proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumine (HSA), streptavidin and rabbit imunoglobilin (IgG);…”