Conditioned opponent processes in the development of tolerance to psychoactive drugs

The Plastic Phenomenon Underlying the Associative Processes in the Addictive Properties of Diazepam and Other Psychoactive Drugs

“…(1A). These results are in agreement with the learning hypothesis, put forward as a mechanism of the conditioned tolerance development to different psychoactive drugs [34].…”

The Plastic Phenomenon Underlying the Associative Processes in the Addictive Properties of Diazepam and Other Psychoactive Drugs

“…(1A). These results are in agreement with the learning hypothesis, put forward as a mechanism of the conditioned tolerance development to different psychoactive drugs [34].…”

Intraadministration associations: Conditional hyperalgesia elicited by morphine onset cues.

“…For example, some drugadministration signals are common to the drug-paired and nondrug environments (e.g., handling, insertion of the hypodermic needle; see Dafters & Bach, 1985). Of special relevance to the present experiments are suggestions (e.g., Dworkin, 1993;Goudie, 1990;Kim et al, 1999;Walter & Riccio, 1983) that tolerance may be seen in the nondrug environment, because the DOCs that enter into intraadministration associations are especially salient, and these DOCs overshadow (Kamin, 1969;Pavlov, 1927, pp. 142-143 and pp.…”

Ethanol pre‐exposure during adolescence or adulthood increases ethanol intake but ethanol‐induced conditioned place preference is enhanced only when pre‐exposure occurs in adolescence

“…During acquisition, the constant presence of the drug may have masked the higher interest for consumption of the drug in ethanol‐pretreated mice compared to those pretreated with saline. It has been shown that the continuous presence of the drug can “prime” the drug effects in memory (Goudie, ) which may reduce increased motivation to consume the drug. We hypothesize that ethanol withdrawal‐induced drinking was motivated in part by a dissociation of a context‐specific situation and triggered motivational mechanisms, likely related to previous neuroadaptations induced by sensitization.…”

The Plastic Phenomenon Underlying the Associative Processes in the Addictive Properties of Diazepam and Other Psychoactive Drugs

“…(1A). These results are in agreement with the learning hypothesis, put forward as a mechanism of the conditioned tolerance development to different psychoactive drugs [34].…”

Intraadministration associations: Conditional hyperalgesia elicited by morphine onset cues.

“…For example, some drugadministration signals are common to the drug-paired and nondrug environments (e.g., handling, insertion of the hypodermic needle; see Dafters & Bach, 1985). Of special relevance to the present experiments are suggestions (e.g., Dworkin, 1993;Goudie, 1990;Kim et al, 1999;Walter & Riccio, 1983) that tolerance may be seen in the nondrug environment, because the DOCs that enter into intraadministration associations are especially salient, and these DOCs overshadow (Kamin, 1969;Pavlov, 1927, pp. 142-143 and pp.…”

Ethanol pre‐exposure during adolescence or adulthood increases ethanol intake but ethanol‐induced conditioned place preference is enhanced only when pre‐exposure occurs in adolescence

“…During acquisition, the constant presence of the drug may have masked the higher interest for consumption of the drug in ethanol‐pretreated mice compared to those pretreated with saline. It has been shown that the continuous presence of the drug can “prime” the drug effects in memory (Goudie, ) which may reduce increased motivation to consume the drug. We hypothesize that ethanol withdrawal‐induced drinking was motivated in part by a dissociation of a context‐specific situation and triggered motivational mechanisms, likely related to previous neuroadaptations induced by sensitization.…”

The Plastic Phenomenon Underlying the Associative Processes in the Addictive Properties of Diazepam and Other Psychoactive Drugs

“…(1A). These results are in agreement with the learning hypothesis, put forward as a mechanism of the conditioned tolerance development to different psychoactive drugs [34].…”

Intraadministration associations: Conditional hyperalgesia elicited by morphine onset cues.

“…For example, some drugadministration signals are common to the drug-paired and nondrug environments (e.g., handling, insertion of the hypodermic needle; see Dafters & Bach, 1985). Of special relevance to the present experiments are suggestions (e.g., Dworkin, 1993;Goudie, 1990;Kim et al, 1999;Walter & Riccio, 1983) that tolerance may be seen in the nondrug environment, because the DOCs that enter into intraadministration associations are especially salient, and these DOCs overshadow (Kamin, 1969;Pavlov, 1927, pp. 142-143 and pp.…”

Ethanol pre‐exposure during adolescence or adulthood increases ethanol intake but ethanol‐induced conditioned place preference is enhanced only when pre‐exposure occurs in adolescence

“…During acquisition, the constant presence of the drug may have masked the higher interest for consumption of the drug in ethanol‐pretreated mice compared to those pretreated with saline. It has been shown that the continuous presence of the drug can “prime” the drug effects in memory (Goudie, ) which may reduce increased motivation to consume the drug. We hypothesize that ethanol withdrawal‐induced drinking was motivated in part by a dissociation of a context‐specific situation and triggered motivational mechanisms, likely related to previous neuroadaptations induced by sensitization.…”