“…Thus, Le Pennec and Raufflet (2018) argue that existing partnership studies “tend to underspecify the definition and types of value” they seek to create externally (p. 818). Recent research identifies the extent to which partnerships may actually deliver less than they promise, or even disrupt certain types of value created as they emphasize others (Andonova & Faul, 2022). Thus, in addition to examining value created for partners and partnerships (internal), partnership researchers urge researchers to analyze the social value created by partnerships (externally), particularly value created for beneficiaries as examined in the study we report (Austin & Seitanidi, 2012b; Le Ber & Branzei, 2010b; Trujillo, 2018; Vestergaard et al, 2020, 2021).…”