Computerised tomography in the management of imperforate anus patients following rectoplasty

Embryonic development of the internal anal sphincter in rats with anorectal malformations

“…In a prior anatomical study, IAS has been regarded as a missing or hypoplastic structure in patients with high and intermediate ARMs Therefore, little attention has been paid to the preservation of this structure [10]. However, studies on histology [6,[11][12][13][14], manometry [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], electromyography [14], anal endosonography [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26], magnetic resonance imaging [26,27], and computed tomography [27][28][29] have shown that IAS in ARMs is situated in the region of the fistulous bowel termination and the ectopic anus. It has been reported that RAIR presented in the low, intermediate, and high ARMs postoperatively in the manometric findings [11,18,[30][31][32].…”

Correlation of the position of the anal dimple with the caudal termination of the striated muscle complex in patients with anorectal malformations

“…In a report of CT scanning, following rectoplasty, in 18 patients with ARM, Ong et al . [ 10 ] stated that sufficient criteria of “normal” development of the SMC were not available and graded SMC development simply as “adequate” or “deficient.” In our study, we had subjectively classified the SMC as “well developed” or “moderately developed.” In our study, only two boys, one with a RVeF and another with CPC, had a “moderately developed” SMC. All seven patients with a RPF had a “well-developed” AD and SMC, and this is somewhat surprising as this subtype of ARM is often associated with a poorer development of the perineum and the sphincteric musculature.…”