Computer simulations of homeward‐migrating Fraser River sockeye salmon: is compass orientation a sufficient direction‐finding mechanism in the north‐east Pacific Ocean?

Dat, Claire Germaine; LeBlond, Paul H.; Thomson, Keith A.; Ingraham, W. James

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2419.1995.tb00144.x

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Simulations indicate that directional orientation is needed for salmon to accomplish these migrations, but such models have typically treated salmon as individu als, deriving no benefit from group interactions (e.g. Pascual and Quinn 1991;Dat et al 1995;Bracis and Anderson 2012).…”

Section: Migration From the High Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

et al. 2014

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Anadromous salmon (genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo) spend much of their lives feeding in productive northern oceans and then return home to natal sites for reproduction with remarkable accuracy. The mechanisms used for navigation by individuals during migrations are thought to include geomagnetic, celestial and olfactory cues, but rarely are social interactions between individuals considered. Mounting evidence from other taxa indicates that individuals in larger groups can better sense and respond to environmental cues, thus potentially increasing their ability to navigate. Here, we propose that salmon might similarly benefit from col lective navigation on their homeward journey. To explore this, we compiled data from multiple studies and found strong evidence that rates of successful homing increase with population abundance, consistent with collective navigation. We then discuss how collective navigation could benefit salmon during each stage of their seaward and homeward migrations, and complement this with a review of salmon sociality. Next, we analyse historic high seas catch records and provide new insight into schooling structure of salmon in the marine environment. We argue that collective navigation likely represents a presently under appreciated Fish and Fisheries ; 17 (2016), 2. -S. 525-542 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111 mechanism enhancing the navigational ability of salmon as well as other migra tory species, and outline critical tests of our hypothesis.

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Section: Migration From the High Seasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

et al. 2014

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“…It also can help predict return timing (as in Thomson et al 1994) and migration routes of homewardmigrating adults (as in Dat et al 1995). Recruitment variability, timing of homeward migration, patterns in coastal migration routes, and variability in final weight of returning salmon are all critical issues in Pacific salmon management.…”

Section: Research and Management Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NerkaSim: A Research and Educational Tool to of Pacific Salmon in a Dynamic Environment

Rand¹,

Scandol²,

Walter³

1997

Fisheries

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This paper introduces NerkaSim, a computer program used to simulate and visualize the life history of Pacific salmon in a dynamic ocean environment. The computer program enables users to (1) archive and visualize biophysical oceanographic data; (2) execute a spatially explicit, individually based Pacific salmon model that can include migration, growth, and mortality processes; and (3) produce images of simulated migration trajectories and bioenergetic variables in both space and time. We anticipate a demand for the model for basic and applied research applications, where it can serve as a platform to explore hypotheses concerning migration, growth, and mortality processes for salmon in coastal and high‐seas environments. Although designed to address issues related to British Columbia's Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the model can easily be customized to accommodate different salmon species across the eastern Pacific Rim. Distributed as freeware, we hope that NerkaSim will become an effective educational tool for advanced undergraduates and graduate students interested in fisheries ecology and oceanography. Here, we provide examples of how the program has been used to advance understanding of migration behavior and habitat quality for salmon in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We also detail of how to obtain more information about NerkaSim and an executable version of the program.

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“…The first is that salmon rely on compass orientation to approach their home rivers, and the second is that they use some type of bicoordinate navigation. Dat et al. (1995) modeled homing migration based on recoveries of ocean‐tagged Fraser River sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of the geomagnetic imprinting hypothesis for salmon

Bracis

Anderson

2012

Fisheries Oceanography

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Although evidence indicates that salmon could use geomagnetic cues in their high seas homing migration, the underlying behavioral strategy salmon apply to navigation cues is poorly understood. In one hypothesis, salmon imprint on the magnetic field when entering the ocean as juveniles and use the difference between the local and imprinted fields to navigate home. In this paper we demonstrate that simple behaviors incorporating this cue difference, to approach the isoline matching the imprinted magnetic value and then to follow along the isoline to the river mouth, are sufficient to guide spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the Columbia River. We model homing trajectories of salmon, combining ocean currents and fish swimming behaviors. Although the magnetic field inclination angle is a more robust cue than magnetic field intensity, both are sufficient to direct fish to the river mouth from a wide region of the Northeastern Pacific. The threshold defining the transition between the isoline approach and follow behaviors is the main factor determining successful homing trajectories. Small thresholds are more successful, meaning the approach behavior predominates until the fish is near the isoline intersecting the river mouth. The follow behavior swim heading can compensate for magnetic field changes, and the directed migration start date determines the longitudinal center of successful starting locations. This analysis suggests that salmon from ocean habitats may approach their home river in a narrow migration corridor along a magnetic field isoline.

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Computer simulations of homeward‐migrating Fraser River sockeye salmon: is compass orientation a sufficient direction‐finding mechanism in the north‐east Pacific Ocean?

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

NerkaSim: A Research and Educational Tool to of Pacific Salmon in a Dynamic Environment

An investigation of the geomagnetic imprinting hypothesis for salmon

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