Computational Method for Ice Crystal Trajectories in a Turbofan Compressor

Grift, E.J.; Norde, E.; Weide, Edwin Theodorus Antonius van der; Hoeijmakers, Hendrik Willem Marie

doi:10.4271/2015-01-2139

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Work is underway at the University of Oxford to develop a model for ice crystal accretion in a turbofan engine. The modular structure of the code and the approach taken in the component parts are similar to other models in the open literature (notably [2]- [6]). One such component is performing an energy balance on the accretion surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Bucknell

McGilvray

Gillespie

et al. 2018

2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Bucknell

McGilvray

Gillespie

et al. 2018

2018 Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference

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“…Ayan et al [7] investigated the motion and phase transition of ice crystal particles based on the Lagrangian method in 2D. Grift et al [8] studied the ice crystal trajectories of a turbofan compressor based on the Lagrangian method, but they had not considered the non-spherical characteristics of the ice crystals. Aouizerate et al [9] used Lagrangian method to simulate flight accretion under mixed-phase conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Phase Transition and Collection Characteristics of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals with Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods

Lu,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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Ice crystal icing occurs in jet engine compressors, which can severely degrade jet engine performance. In this paper, two different numerical calculation methods, the Eulerian method and the Lagrangian method, were used to evaluate the dynamics, mass transfer, heat transfer, phase transition and trajectory of ice crystals. Then, we studied the effects of initial diameter, initial sphericity, initial temperature of ice crystal, and relative humidity of airflow on the phase transition and collection characteristics of ice crystal particles. Results indicate that the non-spherical characteristics of ice crystals have a significant impact on their impingement limits and collection characteristics. The collection coefficient of unmelted ice crystals is positively correlated with the initial particle diameter and sphericity, and negatively correlated with the initial particle temperature and the relative humidity of airflow. The melting rate of ice crystal particles on the impact surface increases exponentially with the initial diameter of the particles, linearly increases with the relative humidity of the airflow and initial temperature of the particles, and exponentially decreases with the sphericity of the particles.

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“…Grift et al [12] used Lagrangian particle tracking within an Euler steady flow solver to demonstrate particle tracking and phase change within rotating turbomachinery. This did not, however, include surface interactions (heat transfer, bounce, shatter or stick) or a surface energy balance method (such as the EMM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

Bucknell¹,

McGilvray²,

Gillespie³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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High altitude ice crystals can pose a threat to aircraft engine compression and combustion systems. Cases of engine damage, surge and rollback have been recorded in recent years, believed due to ice crystals partially melting and accreting on static surfaces (stators, endwalls and ducting). The increased awareness and understanding of this phenomenon has resulted in the extension of icing certification requirements to include glaciated and mixed phase conditions. Developing semi-empirical models is a cost effective way of enabling certification, and providing simple design rules for next generation engines. A comprehensive ice crystal icing model is presented in this paper, the Ice Crystal Icing ComputationaL Environment (ICICLE). It is modular in design, comprising a baseline code consisting of an axisymmetric or 2D planar flowfield solution, Lagrangian particle tracking, air-particle heat transfer and phase change, and surface interactions (bouncing, fragmentation, sticking). In addition, an efficient particle tracking method has been developed into the code, which employs the representative particle size distribution at each injection location and a deterministic particle sticking method by using an in-situ particle based scaling factor without aborting the particle trajectories. Various time integration algorithms, including implicit and explicit Euler and Runge-Kutta methods, are discussed and the effect on an acceptable timestep investigated. The model then improves on those available in the literature in three ways: firstly, an adaptation of the Extended Messinger Model (EMM) to mixed phase conditions is incorporated, improving the fidelity of the ice accretion prediction compared with the classical Messinger model. Secondly, an experimentally-derived model for sticking efficiency improves the accuracy of the continuity equation in the EMM; thirdly a simple model for integrating two-way coupling of mass and energy is proposed.

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Computational Method for Ice Crystal Trajectories in a Turbofan Compressor

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Experimental Studies of Ice Crystal Accretion on an Axisymmetric Body at Engine-Realistic Conditions

Investigation on Phase Transition and Collection Characteristics of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals with Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

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