“…Given that empirical studies have suggested that auditory stimuli presented from in front and behind might be treated in a qualitatively different manner by the human brain (see Kitagawa et al, 2005;Kitagawa & Spence, 2006;Tajadura-Jiménez et al, 2009;Zampini, Torresan, Spence, & Murray, 2007), we thought that this might have been a factor that helped to account for the effectiveness of the close rear auditory warning signals compared with their far frontal counterparts in the previous two experiments (cf. Leung, Alais, & Carlile, 2008). In our final experiment, therefore, the auditory warning signals were always presented from in front of the participants, and all that was now varied was whether they were presented from close or far away, with the vibrotactile warning signals being presented to the middle of the participant's stomach (i.e., again to the front).…”