Comprehensive review of industrial wastewater treatment techniques

Abstract

Water is an indispensable resource for human activity and the environment. Industrial activities generate vast quantities of wastewater that may be heavily polluted or contain toxic contaminants, posing environmental and public health challenges. Different industries generate wastewater with widely varying characteristics, such as the quantity generated, concentration, and pollutant type. It is essential to understand these characteristics to select available treatment techniques for implementation in wastewater treatment facilities to promote sustainable water usage. This review article provides an overview of wastewaters generated by various industries and commonly applied treatment techniques. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods are presented.

Biochemical and genomic characterization of last-resort antibiotic resistance and oxidant tolerance in environmental E. coli

“…Bacterial strains living in harsh environmental conditions are constantly exposed to ultraviolet light emanating from sunlight, which can damage the DNA, causing mutations and allowing the cells to become UV-resistant. In addition, UVC is used for destroying pathogens during wastewater management ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). As such, we checked whether the strains would show resistance to ultraviolet light.…”

“…Several DNA-damaging agents are used for wastewater treatment, and these include the powerful oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and ultraviolet light ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). Since the E. coli strains were isolated from treated wastewater, we checked whether the colistin-resistant bacteria would display resistance to H 2 O 2 .…”

Biochemical and genomic characterization of last-resort antibiotic resistance and oxidant tolerance in environmental E. coli

“…Bacterial strains living in harsh environmental conditions are constantly exposed to ultraviolet light emanating from sunlight, which can damage the DNA, causing mutations and allowing the cells to become UV-resistant. In addition, UVC is used for destroying pathogens during wastewater management ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). As such, we checked whether the strains would show resistance to ultraviolet light.…”

“…Several DNA-damaging agents are used for wastewater treatment, and these include the powerful oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and ultraviolet light ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). Since the E. coli strains were isolated from treated wastewater, we checked whether the colistin-resistant bacteria would display resistance to H 2 O 2 .…”

Bio-Fabricated Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Pharmaceutical Packages: Insight into Characterization and Applications

“…Industrial wastewater is widely recognized to contain various additives, such as salts and surfactants, during dye-utilizing processes. These substances may hinder or accelerate the treatment process, depending on their impact on the interaction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules in the solution [ 51 ]. The concept of ionic strength refers to the concentration of ions in the solution, which actively influences the adsorption behavior of dye molecules.…”

Energy‐Efficient Electrocoagulation Under Pulsed Voltage: Toward Sustainable Phosphate Capture and Water Circularity

“…At 20 min, the respective mean phosphate removal efficiencies of the PDV, PDC, and DC experiments were 80.0%, 45.0%, and 57.8%, mirroring anode mass dissolution trends. However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different.…”

“…However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different. Faradaic efficiencies of the three modes also corresponded to energynormalized phosphate removal trends, with the PDV mode obtaining the highest Faradaic efficiency range of 74.0%-105.6%.…”

Biochemical and genomic characterization of last-resort antibiotic resistance and oxidant tolerance in environmental E. coli

“…Bacterial strains living in harsh environmental conditions are constantly exposed to ultraviolet light emanating from sunlight, which can damage the DNA, causing mutations and allowing the cells to become UV-resistant. In addition, UVC is used for destroying pathogens during wastewater management ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). As such, we checked whether the strains would show resistance to ultraviolet light.…”

“…Several DNA-damaging agents are used for wastewater treatment, and these include the powerful oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and ultraviolet light ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). Since the E. coli strains were isolated from treated wastewater, we checked whether the colistin-resistant bacteria would display resistance to H 2 O 2 .…”

Bio-Fabricated Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Pharmaceutical Packages: Insight into Characterization and Applications

“…Industrial wastewater is widely recognized to contain various additives, such as salts and surfactants, during dye-utilizing processes. These substances may hinder or accelerate the treatment process, depending on their impact on the interaction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules in the solution [ 51 ]. The concept of ionic strength refers to the concentration of ions in the solution, which actively influences the adsorption behavior of dye molecules.…”

Energy‐Efficient Electrocoagulation Under Pulsed Voltage: Toward Sustainable Phosphate Capture and Water Circularity

“…At 20 min, the respective mean phosphate removal efficiencies of the PDV, PDC, and DC experiments were 80.0%, 45.0%, and 57.8%, mirroring anode mass dissolution trends. However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different.…”

“…However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different. Faradaic efficiencies of the three modes also corresponded to energynormalized phosphate removal trends, with the PDV mode obtaining the highest Faradaic efficiency range of 74.0%-105.6%.…”

Biochemical and genomic characterization of last-resort antibiotic resistance and oxidant tolerance in environmental E. coli

“…Bacterial strains living in harsh environmental conditions are constantly exposed to ultraviolet light emanating from sunlight, which can damage the DNA, causing mutations and allowing the cells to become UV-resistant. In addition, UVC is used for destroying pathogens during wastewater management ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). As such, we checked whether the strains would show resistance to ultraviolet light.…”

“…Several DNA-damaging agents are used for wastewater treatment, and these include the powerful oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and ultraviolet light ( Kato and Kansha, 2024 ). Since the E. coli strains were isolated from treated wastewater, we checked whether the colistin-resistant bacteria would display resistance to H 2 O 2 .…”

Bio-Fabricated Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Waste Pharmaceutical Packages: Insight into Characterization and Applications

“…Industrial wastewater is widely recognized to contain various additives, such as salts and surfactants, during dye-utilizing processes. These substances may hinder or accelerate the treatment process, depending on their impact on the interaction between the adsorbent and the dye molecules in the solution [ 51 ]. The concept of ionic strength refers to the concentration of ions in the solution, which actively influences the adsorption behavior of dye molecules.…”

Energy‐Efficient Electrocoagulation Under Pulsed Voltage: Toward Sustainable Phosphate Capture and Water Circularity

“…At 20 min, the respective mean phosphate removal efficiencies of the PDV, PDC, and DC experiments were 80.0%, 45.0%, and 57.8%, mirroring anode mass dissolution trends. However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different.…”

“…However, differences between the three modes were clearly observable when comparing their energynormalized phosphate removals of 186.5-208.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 56.3 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 44.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively. Moreover, at 120 min, while all three modes achieved more than 98% phosphate removal efficiency, their energy-normalized phosphate removals of 39.5-44.2 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, 21.7 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, and 12.4 g PO 4 3 -/kWh, respectively, were significantly different. Faradaic efficiencies of the three modes also corresponded to energynormalized phosphate removal trends, with the PDV mode obtaining the highest Faradaic efficiency range of 74.0%-105.6%.…”