Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass‐burning emissions: 2. First intercomparison of open‐path FTIR, PTR‐MS, and GC‐MS/FID/ECD

Christian, Ted J.; Kleiss, B.; Yokelson, Robert J.; Holzinger, Rupert; Crutzen, Paul J.; Hao, Wein Min; Shirai, Tomoko; Blake, D. R.

doi:10.1029/2003jd003874

Cited by 189 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Several studies reported the humidity dependence of PTR-MS detection using comparison with other techniques. Generally, their results suggested a significant (a factor of 3 to 5) underestimate of HCHO concentrations by PTR-MS which can be improved by taking into account reaction R1a (Christian et al, 2004;Karl et al, 2003;Steinbacher et al, 2004). Good agreement was observed between HCHO concentrations measured by a specially modified PTR-MS (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Formaldehyde measurements by Proton transfer reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): correction for humidity effects

et al. 2010

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Abstract.Formaldehyde measurements can provide useful information about photochemical activity in ambient air, given that HCHO is formed via numerous oxidation processes. Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an online technique that allows measurement of VOCs at the sub-ppbv level with good time resolution. PTR-MS quantification of HCHO is hampered by the humidity dependence of the instrument sensitivity, with higher humidity leading to loss of PTR-MS signal. In this study we present an analytical, first principles approach to correct the PTR-MS HCHO signal according to the concentration of water vapor in sampled air. The results of the correction are validated by comparison of the PTR-MS results to those from a Hantzsch fluorescence monitor which does not have the same humidity dependence. Results are presented for an intercomparison made during a field campaign in rural Ontario at Environment Canada's Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Formaldehyde measurements by Proton transfer reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): correction for humidity effects

et al. 2010

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“…Other instrumentation can be placed in adjacent rooms with sample lines pulling from ports at the sampling platform. Previous studies concluded that the temperature and mixing 20 ratios are consistent across the width of the stack at the height of the platform, confirming well-mixed emissions that can be monitored by a number of different sample lines throughout the fire (Christian et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX

Selimovic¹,

Yokelson²,

Warneke³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Western wildfires have a major impact on air quality in the US. In the fall of 2016, 107 test fires were burned in the large-scale combustion facility at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory as part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment (FIREX). Canopy, litter, duff, dead wood, and other fuel components were 15 burned in combinations that represented realistic fuel complexes for several important western US coniferous and chaparral ecosystems including Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Subalpine Fire, Chamise, and Manzanita In addition, dung, Indonesian peat, and individual coniferous ecosystem fuel components were burned stand-alone to investigate the effects of individual components (e.g. "duff") and fuel chemistry on emissions. The smoke emissions were characterized by a large suite of state-of-the-art instruments. In this study we report emission factor (EF, g compound emitted per 20 kg fuel burned) measurements in fresh smoke of a diverse suite of critically-important trace gases measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). We also report aerosol optical properties (absorption EF, single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE)) as well as black carbon (BC) EF measured by photoacoustic extinctiometers (PAX) at 870 and 401 nm. The average trace gas emissions were similar across the coniferous ecosystems tested and most of the variability observed in emissions could be attributed to differences in the consumption of components such as duff and litter, 25 rather than the dominant tree species. Chaparral fuels produced lower EF than mixed coniferous fuels for most trace gases except for NO x and acetylene. A careful comparison with available field measurements of wildfires confirms that several methods can be used to extract data representative of real wildfires from the FIREX lab fire data. This is especially valuable for species not yet measured in the field. For instance, the OP-FTIR data alone show that ammonia (1.65 g kg -1 ), acetic acid (2.44 g kg -1 ), nitrous acid (HONO, 0.61 g kg -1 ) and other trace gases such as glycolaldehyde and formic acid are significant emissions not 30 previously measured for US wildfires. The PAX measurements show that the ratio of brown carbon (BrC) absorption to BC absorption is strongly dependent on modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and that BrC absorption is most dominant for combustion of duff (AAE 7.13) and rotten wood (AAE 4.60): fuels that are consumed in greater amounts during wildfires than prescribed fires. Coupling our lab data with field data suggests that fresh wildfire smoke typically has an EF for BC near 0.1 g kg -1 ), an SSA of ~0.91 and an AAE of ~3.50, with the latter implying that about 86% of the aerosol absorption at 401 nm is due 35 to BrC.

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“…The canister samples were 24 h samples with constant flow, while PTR-MS detected a total group of 17 different species with a 30 s cycle. From previous studies on comparison between the PTR-MS and the GC-MSD/FID/ECD, the slope for toluene ranged 0.52-1.18, and the slope for C 2 -benzenes ranged 0.58-3.20 (Kato et al, 2004;Christian et al, 2004;de Gouw et al, 2003;Warneke et al, 2001), so PTR-MS and offline GC-MSD/FID/ECD analysis were comparable for aromatic hydrocarbon measurements in this study.…”

Section: Ptr-ms Vs Offline Gc-msd/fid/ecdmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measuring OVOCs and VOCs by PTR-MS in an urban roadside microenvironment of Hong Kong: relative humidity and temperature dependence, and field intercomparisons

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Volatile organic compound (VOC) control is an important issue of air quality management in Hong Kong because ozone formation is generally VOC limited. Several oxygenated volatile organic compound (OVOC) and VOC measurement techniques -namely, (1) offline 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge sampling followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; (2) online gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID); and (3) offline canister sampling followed by GC with mass spectrometer detection (MSD), FID, and electron capture detection (ECD) -were applied during this study. For the first time, the proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique was also introduced to measured OVOCs and VOCs in an urban roadside area of Hong Kong. The integrated effect of ambient relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T ) on formaldehyde measurements by PTR-MS was explored in this study. A Poly 2-D regression was found to be the best nonlinear surface simulation (r = 0.97) of the experimental reaction rate coefficient ratio, ambient RH, and T for formaldehyde measurement. This correction method was found to be better than correcting formaldehyde concentrations directly via the absolute humidity of inlet sample, based on a 2-year field sampling campaign at Mong Kok (MK) in Hong Kong. For OVOC species, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and MEK showed good agreements between PTR-MS and DNPH-HPLC with slopes of 1.00, 1.10, 0.76, and 0.88, respectively, and correlation coefficients of 0.79, 0.75, Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. Cui et al.: Measuring OVOCs and VOCs by PTR-MS0.60, and 0.93, respectively. Overall, fair agreements were found between PTR-MS and online GC-FID for benzene (slope = 1.23, r = 0.95), toluene (slope = 1.01, r = 0.96) and C 2 -benzenes (slope = 1.02, r = 0.96) after correcting benzene and C 2 -benzenes levels which could be affected by fragments formed from ethylbenzene. For the intercomparisons between PTR-MS and offline canister measurements by GC-MSD/FID/ECD, benzene showed good agreement, with a slope of 1.05 (r = 0.62), though PTR-MS had lower values for toluene and C 2 -benzenes with slopes of 0.78 (r = 0.96) and 0.67 (r = 0.92), respectively. All in all, the PTR-MS instrument is suitable for OVOC and VOC measurements in urban roadside areas.

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Comprehensive laboratory measurements of biomass‐burning emissions: 2. First intercomparison of open‐path FTIR, PTR‐MS, and GC‐MS/FID/ECD

Cited by 189 publications

References 54 publications

Formaldehyde measurements by Proton transfer reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): correction for humidity effects

Formaldehyde measurements by Proton transfer reaction – Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS): correction for humidity effects

Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX

Measuring OVOCs and VOCs by PTR-MS in an urban roadside microenvironment of Hong Kong: relative humidity and temperature dependence, and field intercomparisons

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