Comprehensive Evaluation of Integrated Energy Plantation Model of Palm Oil and Microalgae Based Biofuel for Sustainable Energy Production

Abstract

Microalgae is a biofuel crop that needs large amounts of water and nutrients in cultivation stage and requires excessive energy at the downstream processes. his study presented an integrated plantation concept to accomplish these issues by material and energy balance optimization of microalgae based biodiesel production cycle. Significant potency of positive energy balance by utilizing agriculture waste water from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) was comprehensively investigated. However, POME has rich nutrient compounds for microalgae growth and its utilization reduces energy penalty. The total energy balance indicated substantial figures, in range of 2.66 up to 3.05 or even higher following the system efficiency. Meanwhile, total energy output for 1 production cycle in 10 ha microalgae pond approximately 160 GJ and net energy produced reaches 100 GJ. Based on current best available methods or technologies, microalgae cultivation for biofuels by using wastewater provide a positive energy return and might be economically viable.

Microalgae Oil Production: A Downstream Approach to Energy Requirements for the Minamisoma Pilot Plant

“…The increasing yields in the scenarios showed an increase in the EPR. Desmodesmus yields reached 0.8 g/L in our experiment and [42] also achieved a yield of 0.758 g/L; several other studies were also included [34][35][36]. Figure 8 shows the EPR value increase with different yield scenarios.…”

“…The nutrients' energy demand is very high if we rely on the fertilizer. Alternatively, we can integrate the microalgae cultivation with other industries to supply nutrients for the microalgae [32,[34][35][36]. If we could replace the CO 2 and other nutrients, it would be beneficial for the final EPR value.…”

Atributos Físicos E Teor De Potássio No Solo Sob Diferentes Sistemas De Manejo Hídrico Em Cana-De-Açúcar

“…DQO é a Demanda Química de Oxigênio, representa o quantitativo de oxigênio requerido para estabilizar quimicamente a matéria orgânica. A Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) é um parâmetro que mede a quantidade de matéria orgânica, através do oxigênio dissolvido, suscetível de ser oxidada por meios químicos que existam em uma amostra líquida (SASONGKO; NOGUCHI, 2015;CHIU et al, 2015).…”

“…A composição do resíduo líquido é variável, mas de um modo geral possui altas concentrações de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), demanda bioquímica/biológica de oxigênio (DBO) e sólidos orgânicos em suspensão. É caracterizado como poluente devido essa sua elevada carga orgânica, além de excessivos volumes de geração pela alta demanda hídrica nesta cadeia produtiva (SASONGKO; NOGUCHI, 2015;CHIU et al, 2015).…”

Colletotrichum tropicale ASSOCIADO À ANTRACNOSE DE ROMÃ BRASIL

“…• O pH indica a intensidade de acidez ou alcalinidade, visto que os microrganismos presentes no tratamento biológico são inibidos em pH menor que 6,0 e maior que 9,0 (SASONGKO; NOGUCHI, 2015;CHIU et al, 2015).…”