Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as  a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

Mohammed, Isah Yakub; Abakr, Yousif Abdalla; Kazi, Feroz Kabir; Yusup, Suzana; Alshareef, Ibraheem; Chin, Soh Aik

doi:10.3390/en8053403

Cited by 131 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…No noticeable peak was observed in this region and consequently, it can be deduced that lignin content of NGS has uniform thermal decomposition. The decomposition temperature values are in good agreement with literature values of 373 to 523 K, 523 to 623 K, 623 to 773 K, and above 773 K for extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin correspondingly (Raveendran et al 1996;Reddy et al 2009;Mohammed et al 2015b;Mohammed et al 2015c). Structural analysis revealed that NGS has 12.07% extractives, 38.75% cellulose, 19.76% hemicellulose, and 26.99% lignin.…”

Section: Feedstock Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 78%

Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Effect of Operating Conditions on Product Yields and Characteristics

Mohammed

Abakr

Kazi

et al. 2015

BioRes

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This study presents a report on pyrolysis of Napier grass stem in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of nitrogen flow (20 to 60 mL/min), and reaction temperature (450 to 650 °C) were investigated. Increasing the nitrogen flow from 20 to 30 mL/min increased the bio-oil yield and decreased both bio-char and non-condensable gas. 30 mL/min nitrogen flow resulted in optimum bio-oil yield and was used in the subsequent experiments. Reaction temperatures between 450 and 600 °C increased the bio-oil yield, with maximum yield of 32.26 wt% at 600 o C and a decrease in the corresponding bio-char and non-condensable gas. At 650 °C, reductions in the bio-oil and bio-char yields were recorded while the non-condensable gas increased. Water content of the bio-oil decreased with increasing reaction temperature, while density and viscosity increased. The observed pH and higher heating values were between 2.43 to 2.97, and 25.25 to 28.88 MJ/kg, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that the oil was made up of highly oxygenated compounds and requires upgrading. The bio-char and non-condensable gas were characterized, and the effect of reaction temperature on the properties was evaluated. Napier grass represents a good source of renewable energy when all pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized..

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Section: Feedstock Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 78%

Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Effect of Operating Conditions on Product Yields and Characteristics

Mohammed

Abakr

Kazi

et al. 2015

BioRes

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“…Paddy RH, Napier grass stem (NG) and sago biomass (SGW) was collected from a rice processing mill Sungai Besar, Selangor, Crop for the Future research Centre Semenyih Selangor and sago flour process plant effluent Pusa Sarawak respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses were performed according to standard analytical methods [33]. The feedstock composition used was varied according to the scenario summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Mohammed

Lim

Kazi

et al. 2016

Waste Biomass Valor

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In this study, co-pyrolysis of rice husk with underutilized biomass, Napier grass and sago waste was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 600°C, 30°C/min and 5 L/min nitrogen flowrate. Two-phase bio-oil (organic and aqueous) was collected and characterized using standard analytical techniques. 34.13-45.55 wt% total boil-oil yield was recorded using assorted biomass compared to pure risk husk biomass with 31.51 wt% yield. The organic phase consist mainly benzene derivatives with higher proportion in the oil from the co-pyrolysis process relative to the organic phase from the pyrolysis of the individual biomass while the aqueous phase in all cases was predominantly water, acids, ketones, aldehydes, sugars and traces of phenolics. This study has demonstrated a good approach towards increasing valorization of rice husk in a single reaction step for the production of high grade bio-oil, which can be transformed into fuel and valuable chemicals.

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“…Moisture, ash content, and volatile matter were determined according to ASTM E1756–08, ASTM E1755–0, ASTM E872–82 standards. Fixed carbon was calculated by subtracting the percentage of ash composition and volatile matter from the dry sample mass . Elemental compositions of all the biomass samples were determined using a Flash 2000 CHNS/O analyzer (Thermo Scientific, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompositional and thermodecompositional analysis of South African agro‐waste corncob and husk towards production of biocommodities

Awosusi

Ayeni

Adeleke³

et al. 2017

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Biocompositional and thermodecompositional analyses of locally abundant agro‐wastes of South African corn were evaluated for their potential utilization as biocommodities via thermochemical and bioconversion processing. Corncob of Zea mays Zama star (white) & PAN 6Q‐252 (yellow) hybrid as well as the ear husks of South African sweet corn, Z. mays var. Saccharata were utilized in the beneficiation process. Proximate and elemental analyses were conducted to check for the moisture content, the ash content, the volatile matter, and the elemental composition of the agro‐waste samples. In addition, the thermal property of the waste, the surface chemistry and the calorific values were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and bomb calorimetric technique, respectively. Significant amounts of alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) were found in the corn cob samples, and heavy metals such as thorium and uranium were detected in the ear husks, indicating that the biomass might not be suitable for use in thermochemical process. However, a relatively high volatile matter content recorded for the waste samples supports their use in thermochemical process with improved yield per gram of feed. These and other findings such as the high calorific value of the cob samples and the relatively low lignin‐to‐sugar ratio of the waste confirm previous reports regarding their suitability as feedstocks in thermo‐processing and bioprocessing. With the exception of the moisture content in ear husks, the minimal variation in the physicochemical property of the waste samples substantiates their suitability for co‐processing without major upsets in process kinetics. Results of other investigations such as the thermodecompositional behavior of the waste samples and the surface chemistry further shed light on the physicochemical property of the locally sourced lignocellulosic biomass waste samples. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion

Cited by 131 publications

References 41 publications

Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Effect of Operating Conditions on Product Yields and Characteristics

Pyrolysis of Napier Grass in a Fixed Bed Reactor: Effect of Operating Conditions on Product Yields and Characteristics

Co-pyrolysis of Rice Husk with Underutilized Biomass Species: A Sustainable Route for Production of Precursors for Fuels and Valuable Chemicals

Biocompositional and thermodecompositional analysis of South African agro‐waste corncob and husk towards production of biocommodities

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