Compositional patterns of ruderal herbs in Santiago, Chile

Gärtner, Elsa; Rojas, Gloria; Castro, Sergio A.

doi:10.4067/s0717-66432015000200003

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…At the global scale, the representation of native and exotic species in urban ecosystems constitutes a phenomenon of increasing attention (Alvey 2006;Aronson et al 2014;McBride 2017). Particularly in south America, several floristic studies in cities show that richness (and abundance) of exotic species-including tree species-exceeds to native ones (Méndez-Stroobandt 2005;Córdova-Stroobandt 2013;Gartner et al 2015;Moro and Castro 2015;Figueroa et al 2016;Santilli et al 2018); these studies also reveal that the richness of exotic species (approx. 60%) exceeds those recorded from North American, Asian, and European cities (50% as average; see Aronson et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Native trees provide more benefits than exotic trees when ecosystem services are weighted in Santiago, Chile

Arcos-LeBert

Aravena-Hidalgo

Figueroa

et al. 2021

Trees

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Urban forests are conformed by a variable representation of native and exotic species. Because these species differ in the morpho-functional traits that possess, they may have a differential participation in the provision of ecosystem services in cities. Here, we compare ecosystem services inferred from morpho-functional traits of native and exotic tree species present in Santiago, Chile. Five traits associated with ecosystem services valuation (Vi) were scored (1 versus 0), and compared between native and exotic tree species, weighting those ecosystem services according to multi-criteria decision analysis procedure (MCDA). We found that native and exotic species did not have significant differences in the ecosystem services provided to urban dwellers (F = 1.2; P > 0.05); but these results were obtained when ecosystem services were not weighted according to their demand in Santiago. When weights were pondered, native species provided more ecosystem services than did exotic trees (F = 7.1; P < 0.008). Complementarily, we also found that the ecosystem services ranked for native and exotic species did not correlate with their spatial distribution (occupancy, Oi). These results highlight the need to use criteria based on ecosystem services to tree planting in Santiago, prioritizing native species because, in comparison to exotic ones, they provide more ecosystem services demanded city dwellers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Native trees provide more benefits than exotic trees when ecosystem services are weighted in Santiago, Chile

Arcos-LeBert

Aravena-Hidalgo

Figueroa

et al. 2021

Trees

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“…Some of these plants were introduced in Chile during the 19th century in botanical gardens due to their different uses, from where they dispersed and became naturalized in the following decades (Gay 1845(Gay -1854. This situation could explain, least partially, the high proportion of wild edible plants in urban areas (Gartner et al 2015). Other potential explanation to the great proportion of edible plants in urban areas is the ability of alien weeds to adapt to harsh conditions (McKinney 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U rban areas are considered novel anthroposystems with distinctive species composition (Hobbs et al 2006, Kowarik 2011) mainly due to the arrival of alien species (Mack & Lonsdale 2001), native species loss (Hahs et al 2009) and stressful abiotic conditions (Bolund & Hunhammar 1999). Flora in urban areas has been widely characterized worldwide showing a high proportion of alien species, as described in cities of Europe (between 19 -40 %, Ricotta et al 2012a, Lososová et al 2016, North America (19 -58 %, Clemants & Moore 2003, Knapp et al 2012, Asia (43 -77 %, Zhao et al 2010, Nagendra & Gopal 2011, Wang et al 2011 and South America (83 -96 %, Gartner et al 2015, Figueroa et al 2016, Fischer et al 2016. Historical records of urban species allow us to trace their native origin and arrival time in the new ranges (Ricotta et al 2012a, Lososová et al 2016, which raise urban floras as suitable models for the understanding of community assembly mechanisms and vegetation succession dynamics (Corlett et al 2002, Termote et al 2012.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biodiversity-productivity relationship in urban vascular flora: a comparison between wild edible and non-edible plants

2021

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Background: Wild edible plants are species that are not cultivated but can be consumed as food. These plants may exhibit the highest taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity within urban floras, since they have a longer history of use associated with humans than non-edible plants. Also, because biodiversity is strongly associated with biomass, edible plants plant might show higher productivity (biomass per site) than non-edible plants. Questions: Is taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of wild edible plants higher than non-edibles within urban areas? Is the alpha-biodiversity of wild edible plants positively related to biomass productivity in urban areas? Study sites and years of study: Cities of the coastal Mediterranean-type ecosystem, central Chile, 2015 and 2016. Methods: We characterized the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of urban flora differentiating wild edible and non-edible plants. Then, we assessed whether alpha-diversity of assemblages is related to their biomass productivity. Results: Both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity were higher for edibles than non-edible plants. For edible plants, biomass was positively related to species richness and negatively with the mean phylogenetic diversity (MPD, a measure of evolutionary relationship among plants within an assemblage). Conclusions: Species richness is a suitable proxy to estimate wild edible plant diversity and their biomass in cities surpassing other proxies, such as phylogenetic diversity. Negative effect of MPD on biomass suggests that only a subgroup of related plants, possibly highly adapted to urban conditions, contribute to edible plant production. The distinction between wild edible and non-edible plants offers a better understanding of the assembly rules and biodiversity-biomass relationship within urban floras.

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“…Fischer et al (2016) analysed the composition of spontaneous weeds in grassland and wooded areas of 15 parks of Santiago and found that exotic species contributed for > 90% to the total diversity. Gärtner et al (2015) conducted a study on the ruderal herbs spontaneously growing in public spaces of Santiago and found that 16% of the taxa were native while 84% were exotic; additionally, Figueroa et al (2018) found that 84% of the taxa present in private and public parks in Santiago were exotic species. Interestingly, by using a systematic sampling for the five studied cities we recorded 302 species of which approx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic species predominates in the urban woody flora of central Chile

et al. 2018

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The expansion of cities promotes the replacement of local biotas with exotic species causing a decrease in global diversity. As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation within urban landscapes could support regional biodiversity conservation. The biogeographic region of central Chile displays a native flora of global importance because of its high endemism. Up to date, studies analysing the composition of the floras within the cities are scarce. The present study aims at characterizing the compositional and distributional patterns of the ornamental flora of five cities of central Chile (La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Rancagua, and Talca). For this purpose, we sampled several streets and squares recording all woody species. The species were then characterized by their biogeographical origin and incidence. It was recorded 302 species of which approx. 86% were exotic and 14% were native, a consistent pattern found in the five cities studied; these results contrast with the European urban flora, where native species can usually overcome 50% of the plant species. Almost half of the exotic species had their origin in Asia (including Australasia, Temperate, and Tropical Asia), Europe, and North America. Consequently, the representation of the regional flora within the urban context is low for central Chile, with the native species registered, accounting for only 0.81% of the total species described for the country. Urban habitats could support regional biodiversity conservation, so a shift towards sustainable urban planning could promote local biological conservation. KEYWORDS:Native species, plant conservation, urban flora, urban trees. RESUMENLa expansión de las ciudades promueve el reemplazo de biotas locales (nativas) por especies exóticas, lo que causa una disminución en la diversidad. A medida que la urbanización continúa, los esfuerzos dirigidos a la conservación dentro de los paisajes urbanos podrían apoyar la conservación de la biodiversidad regional. La región biogeográfica de Chile Central muestra una flora nativa de importancia mundial debido a su alto endemismo. No obstante, hasta la fecha hay pocos estudios que analicen la composición de las floras dentro de las ciudades de esta región. El presente estudio analiza la composición de la flora ornamental para cinco ciudades de Chile central: La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago, Rancagua y Talca. Para ello realizamos un muestreo de calles y plazas de estas ciudades, registrando especies de plantas leñosas, distinguiendo su origen biogeográfico y su incidencia. Se registraron 302 especies de las cuales aprox. el 86% fueron especies exóticas y el 14% nativas, patrón numéricamente consistente en las cinco ciudades estudiadas. Casi la mitad de las especies exóticas provienen de Asia (incluyendo Australasia y Asia tropical y templada), Norteamérica y Europa. En consecuencia, la representación de la flora regional dentro del contexto urbano es baja para el centro de Chile. Los habitats urbanos podrían apoyar la conservación de la bio...

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Compositional patterns of ruderal herbs in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Native trees provide more benefits than exotic trees when ecosystem services are weighted in Santiago, Chile

Native trees provide more benefits than exotic trees when ecosystem services are weighted in Santiago, Chile

Biodiversity-productivity relationship in urban vascular flora: a comparison between wild edible and non-edible plants

Exotic species predominates in the urban woody flora of central Chile

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