Composition of the Essential Oil of Sideritis condensata Boiss. et Heldr.

Abstract

Water distilled essential oils from six samples of Sideritis condensata Boiss. et Heldr., an endemic species in Turkey, were examined by GC and GC-MS. One-hundred-and-ninety-two components were characterized with P-caryophyllene (9.1-18.8%). germacrene-D (4.7% to 13.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.6% to 14.9%) as the major constituents.

Analysis of Bound Form Terpenes in Different Agricultural Byproducts

“… Data in the same row with different letters indicate there is a significant difference between them. 1 : [ 35 ] Zhang et al, 2024; 2 : [ 36 ] Uehara et al, 2017; 3 : [ 28 ] Kirimer et al, 1996; 4 : [ 29 ] Hutchings et al, 2025; 5 : [ 37 ] Van et al, 2013; 6 : [ 30 ] Jiang et al, 2024; 7 : [ 31 ] Sant’Anna et al, 2007. …”

“… Data in the same row with different letters indicate there is a significant difference between them. 1 : [ 27 ] Hu et al, 2019; 2 : [ 35 ] Zhang et al, 2024; 3 : [ 29 ] Hutchings et al, 2025; 4 : [ 28 ] Kirimer et al, 1996); 5 : [ 38 ] Bonikowski et al, 2015; 6 : [ 37 ] Van et al, 2013. …”

“…However, aristol-1(10)-en-9-ol and (-)-isolongifolol methyl ether appeared primarily in honeydew and watermelon peel extract after acid hydrolysis, which suggested that they occurred in conjugated forms within the plant matrix. These compounds are usually released during tissue disruption or processing and can enhance both plant defense and sensory quality with floral and woody smells [ 28 , 30 , 40 ]. Likewise, geranyl acetone, with fruity notes observed in pineapple, has been linked to antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [ 29 ].…”

“…The spicy–minty class, represented by calamenene and caryophyllene, contribute to warm, pungent, and slightly cooling aromas of herbal spices [ 29 ]. Epicubebol falls within the herbal category, providing a pleasant, green, and medicinal odor that complements other volatiles in the mixture [ 28 ]. On the other hand, geranyl acetone defines the fruity–floral class, imparting violet- and rose-like nuances that are frequently linked to floral and ripe fruit perceptions [ 29 , 38 ].…”

Volatile components of leaf and flowers of natural mountain sage (Sideritis spp.) taxa from Davraz Mountain, Isparta-Turkey

“…Kirimer et al [10] reported the volatile oil constituents pertaining to six samples of Sideritis condensata Boiss, endemically present in Turkey through GC and GC/MS. They have determined Germacrene-D and hexadecanoic acid as main components.…”