“…However, the antimicrobial activity of honey is extremely complex and might be due to the involvement of multiple compounds and several nonperoxide components that are also reported to contribute to the unique antibacterial activity of honey, such as physico-chemical properties, osmotic pressure, acidic pH, and nonperoxide phytochemical components, including antioxidants and antimicrobial peptides (Ayaad, Shaker, & Almuhnaa, 2009;Brudzynski, 2006;Halawani & Shohayeb, 2011;Kwakman & Zaat, 2012;Mavric, Wittmann, Barth, & Henle, 2008;Molan, 1992;Molan & Russell, 1988;Simon et al, 2009). Due to the presence of numerous compounds in honey, bacterial resistance is less likely to be developed in honey-treated bacteria (Carnwath, Graham, Reynolds, & Pollock, 2014;Machado De-Melo et al, 2018), favoring the use of honeys against microbial infections. In contrast, some scientists reported a fourfold decline in the antimicrobial activity of honey upon dilution (Adeleke, Onakoya, & Alli, 2002;Olaitan, Adeleke, & Ola, 2007), possibly due the presence of catalase in water that neutralized the hydrogen peroxide (Szweda, 2017).…”