Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofMurraya exotica L.

Composition and Biological Activities of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Essential Oil from Nepal

“…M. exotica oil from Hainan, China, was rich in β-caryophyllene (45.5%) and cedrene (15.1%) [30], while a sample from Guangdong, China, had spathulenol (17.7%), α-pinene (13.2%), caryophyllene oxide (8.6%), and bicyclogermacrene (7.1%) as major components [31]. In order to attempt to sort out the volatile phytochemistry of Murraya paniculata/exotica , a hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on the essential oil compositions of M. paniculata and M. exotica reported in the literature (Figure 1) [5,18,19,20,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. The components used in the cluster analysis are summarized in Table 2 and illustrate the chemical differences between these essential oil samples.…”

“…The cluster analysis reveals at least eight chemotypes for the Murraya paniculata/exotica complex based on volatiles: (1) a methyl salicylate/β-cyclocitral chemotype represented by the M. paniculata sample from Nigeria [5]; (2) a β-humulene chemotype represented by the M. exotica sample from India [36]; (3) a chemotype dominated by α-pinene represented by the M. exotica sample from Egypt [32]; (4) a cluster rich in β-caryophyllene with M. paniculata samples from China [19] and Cuba [20] and M. exotica samples from China [30,35] and Cuba [34]; ( 5 ) a caryophyllene oxide/β-caryophyllene/spathulenol chemotype represented by the M. paniculata sample from Bangladesh [18]; (6) a spathulenol-rich cluster with M. exotica samples from China [19,31]; (7) a β-caryophyllene/α-zingiberene chemotype represented by the M. exotica sample from India [33]; and (8) the sample from Nepal (this work), rich in methyl palmitate. In addition to genetic variation [23], age [37], vegetative cycle stage [38], climate [39], season [40], soil composition [41], and edaphic factors [42] are among several factors responsible for the considerable variation in essential oil compositions [43,44].…”

“…A total of 12 M. paniculata [5,18,19,20] and M. exotica [19,30,31,32,33,34,35,36] leaf essential oil compositions from the published literature, as well as the composition from this study, were treated as operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The percentage composition of 35 major essential oil components (α-pinene, methyl salicylate, β-cyclocitral, δ-elemene, α-cubebene, α-copaene, β-cubebene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, cedrene, ( E )-α-bergamotene, β-humulene, ( E )-β-farnesene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene D, germacrene B, bicyclogermacrene, α-zingiberene, trans -β-guaiene, γ-cadinene, cubebol, δ-cadinene, elemol, ( E )-nerolidol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol, 1,10-di- epi -cubenol, 1- epi -cubenol, τ-cadinol, β-eudesmol, α-cadinol, benzyl benzoate, and methyl palmitate) was used to determine the chemical relationship between the various Murraya essential oil samples by agglomerative hierarchical cluster (AHC) analysis using the XLSTAT software, version 2015.4.01 (Addinsoft SARL, Paris, France).…”

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare

“…Smaoui et al [30] reported that 1-nonadecene from the Streptomyces sp. TN 256 strain exhibited antibacterial activity and strong antifungal activity against C. albicans [31]. Among the esters, hexadecanoic acid butyl ester (butyl palmitate) (9.89%) and linolenic acid ethyl ester (6.38%) were predominant.…”

Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Leaves of Murraya koenigii by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction and Hydro-Distillation

“…Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has become a serious problem worldwide with resistance mechanisms that have been identified and described for all the known antibiotics currently available for clinical use [5]. The volatile oil of certain Murraya species obtained by conventional techniques has been shown to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities [4]. Different solvent extracts from leaves of the plant exhibited very strong antioxidant [6] and antimicrobial [7] activities.…”