Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample.

A continuum of psychosis, one human gene, and not much else — the case for homogeneity

“…These include perinatal complications (broadly defined) and prenatal exposure to the influenza virus. An investigation of a large number of complications of pregnancy and delivery recorded in the 1958 Perinatal Mortality Survey (Done et al, 1991) suggested that these were unrelated to later risk of schizophrenia. In the same survey (Crow and Done, 1992) 945 mothers who were recorded as affected in the second trimester of pregnancy by the 1957 influenza epidemic gave birth to children who had no excess risk of schizophrenia (three children had developed schizophrenia by the age of 28 years, while according to the original claims concerning the risks associated with influenza there should have been 26.5 cases).…”

Maternal Recall of Pregnancy History: Accuracy and Bias in Schizophrenia Research

“…This stage resulted in 142 subjects who reported psychotic symptoms or had a history of psychiatric treatment for a psychotic illness, or both. For the second stage, subjects were recontacted and interviewed by a trained diagnostic interviewer using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-W (First et al 1996). Trained diagnosticians (J.G., L.S., and two psychiatrists) then completed best-estimate consensus diagnoses according to the DSM-TV (American Psychiatric Association 1994) criteria, based on medical chart review and results of the diagnostic interview.…”

“…There are a growing number of studies that use a prospective design (e.g., Jones et al 1998;Dalman et al 1999), following large cohorts of subjects from pregnancy or birth through the development of schizophrenia in adulthood, but the preponderance of investigations of this topic have used retrospective case-control designs. In a recent meta-analysis of 23 studies on this topic (Geddes and Lawrie 1995), 3 employed a prospective design (Parnas et al 1982;Done et al 1991;Buka et al 1993) and the remaining 20 a case-control design. Most of die case-control studies relied entirely or partially on maternal recall as the source of information on PPCs.…”

Psychosis or Spiritual Emergency: The Potential of Developmental Psychopathology for Differential Diagnosis

“…Mounting research has revealed that children who develop schizophrenia as adults exhibit increased rates of disrupted motor, cognitive, and social development in childhood. In fact, nearly half of adult onset schizophrenic psychoses are preceded by substantial nonpsychotic abnormalities in childhood (Done et al , 1991;Jones, Rodgers, Murray, & Marmot, 1994;Offord & Cross, 1969). For example, declining or consistently low intellectual functioning in early childhood is associated with later development of schizophrenia and related disorders (Cannon et al, 2002;Kremen et al, 1998).…”