Complications of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children

Abstract

The complications of hemorrhagic stroke in children begin first with one’s failure to establish the correct diagnosis or from the lack of knowledge of attendant phenomena and second, from those events which occur before, during or because of the treatment provided for specific lesions. The fundamental principles of history gathering, clinical evaluation and appropriate neuroimaging will direct safe, uncomplicated patient care. This paper will examine those complications which may arise during the treatment of pediatric aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation and venous angiomas, newborn intraventricular hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage associated with either a preexistent coagulopathy or neoplasm.

Hemorrhagic Stroke: Clinical, Etiologic and Evolutive Aspects in Senegalese Children

“…Unlike adults, children are less likely to make cerebral hemorrhage of hypertensive origins unless values are important and hypertension is associated with other risk factors such as sickle cell disease and arteritis [7]. Cardiac causes are also reported in significant proportions [4], which is not the case in our series.…”

“…Our series of 13 cases in 11 years confirms the epidemiological reality. The cerebral hemorrhage can occur at all pediatric ages but with a peak between 5.6 years and 8.7 years (5.25) [5][6][7][8][9]. The average age of onset in our study was slightly higher with 9.85 years.…”

“…The average age of onset of hemorrhagic stroke was 9.85 years with extremes of 2 months and 18 years [5][6][7][8][9]. The onset of symptoms was sudden or rapidly progressive in a few hours in all patients.…”

Fusiform P1 Segment Artery Aneurysm in a Pediatric Patient: Technical Case Report

“…As the child's skull was still growing, we decided to limit the skull opening to a standard pterional craniotomy with interfascial dissection as described by Yasargil and Fox [4]. The anterior clinoid was resected extradurally [5], which incidentally was not fully ossified. Intraoperative brain stem evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials were used for monitoring.…”

Arteriovenous Malformations in the Pediatric Population: Review of the Existing Literature

“…In a multicenter review of 1,289 patients, Hofmeister et al [1] reported a mean age at diagnosis of 31.2 years. The overall risk of hemorrhage from an untreated AVM in all age groups is estimated to be between 2 and 4% yearly [2,3,4]. Even though AVMs are rare in kids, estimated to represent 3% of all AVMs [5,6,7], they tend to rupture more frequently than in adults [5,7,8,9,10,11,12].…”