Complexities in using sentinel pigs to study Taenia solium transmission dynamics under field conditions

Devleesschauwer, Brecht; Aryal, Arjun; Jayaraman, T.; Joshi, Durga Datt; Rijal, Suman; Speybroeck, Niko; Gabriël, Sarah; Victor, Björn; Dorny, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.010

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Afterwards, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to differentiate the Taenia spp. The restriction enzymes Dde I and Hinf I were used to identify T. solium (Rodriguez-Hidalgo et al, 2002) and Hpa I was used to identify T. hydatigena (Devleesschauwer et al, 2013). In case the observed pattern was equivocal, sequencing was performed on the PCR product to obtain full confirmation of the species in sampled lesions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional abattoir study

Dermauw

Ganaba

Cissé

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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Taenia hydatigena is a non-zoonotic cestode that has canines as definitive hosts and ruminants and pigs as intermediate hosts. In pigs, its presence causes cross-reactivity in serological testing for Taenia solium cysticercosis. Therefore, knowledge on the occurrence of T. hydatigena is paramount for validly estimating the seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs. In a cross-sectional abattoir study, we estimated the prevalence of T. hydatigena in pigs slaughtered in Koudougou, Burkina Faso. Carcasses of 452 pigs were examined by investigators for perceived and suspected T. hydatigena cysticercus lesions in the abdominal cavity or on the surface of abdominal organs. Routine meat inspection was performed by local inspectors to identify T. solium cysticerci. All lesions were subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis in order to differentiate Taenia spp. Additionally, individual blood samples were examined for the presence of circulating cysticercus antigens using the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. Perceived T. hydatigena cysticerci were found in 13 pigs, whereas meat inspectors found seven carcasses infected with T. solium cysticerci. All were confirmed by molecular analysis. Of pigs with other suspected lesions, mostly located in the liver, 27 and six were found to harbour T. hydatigena and T. solium cysticerci, respectively. Overall, 8.8% of pigs (40/452) were found infected with T. hydatigena and 2.9% (13/452) with T. solium. Of these positive pigs, one was found infected with both Taenia spp. (0.2%, 1/452). Blood samples of 48.5% of pigs (219/452) were positive in the Ag-ELISA. Pigs with confirmed cysts of T. hydatigena and T. solium had a positive Ag-ELISA result in 57.5% (23/40) and 61.5% (8/13) of cases, respectively. The observed T. hydatigena prevalence in this study is relatively high in comparison to other studies in Africa. Estimates of the occurrence of active porcine T. solium infection using the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA should therefore be adjusted for the presence of T. hydatigena. The low level of T. solium infection detected upon meat inspection in this study is likely an underestimation of the true prevalence since routine meat inspection shows poor sensitivity and pigs perceived to be infected based on tongue palpation are rarely sent to official abattoirs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional abattoir study

Dermauw

Ganaba

Cissé

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Serological tests for the detection of specific antibodies or specific antigens use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electro-immuno transfer blot (EITB) (Lightowlers et al, 2016). Most of the few serological studies of pigs in West Africa have used B158/B160 Ag-ELISA (Secka et al, 2010a;Ganaba et al, 2011) and studies of Weka et al (2009) (Jayashi et al, 2012;Devleesschauwer et al 2013;Lightowlers et al, 2016). Moreover, false positive or transient positive reactions might arise from exposure to T. solium eggs that did not develop to cysticerci to be detected at carcass inspection (Lightowlers et al, 2016).…”

Section: Serology In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Taenia solium cysticercosis in West Africa

et al. 2019

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Human and porcine cysticercosis is endemic in West Africa, where epilepsy is relatively common, but rarely reported due to fear of stigmatization. Neurocysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium, tends to affect the poor in developing countries and control is hampered by inadequate infrastructure and financial resources coupled with lack of adequate information about its significance and distribution. The risk factors for human cysticercosis are closely associated with the characteristics of smallholder or backyard pig farming systems prevalent in this region. Poverty, ignorance and lack of political will militate against successful eradication, while tools for effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment, including vaccines for pigs, are not yet available in many countries. Cysticercosis was targeted for control by The World Health Organization global plan for 2008-2015; however, measures for control are yet to be undertaken in a coordinated manner in West Africa. Diagnostic tools, including neuroimaging facilities, should be strategically situated and made accessible to rural populations in West Africa. Community education in combination with a multipronged approach consisting of vaccination of pigs using TSOL18 vaccine and treatment with oxfendazole along with mass chemotherapy of humans with praziquantel could eliminate taeniasis and should be considered in the region. Indepth and extensive epidemiological studies are required in the region in order to fully elucidate the prevalence of T. solium and to support more coordinated and effective control of human and porcine cysticercosis.

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“…There is potential for exposure of humans to the eggs of a number of these species, any of which could possibly cause a transient immunological response detected in the T. solium antigen ELISA. It is known that infection with either Taenia hydatigena or T. asiatica (a parasite most closely related to T. saginata ) in pigs leads to persistent strong positive reactions in the same T. solium antigen ELISA. Transient positive responses in the T. solium antigen ELISA in humans could possibly be due to exposure to eggs of T. hydatigena or T. saginata, or of other taeniid cestode species, that did not lead to actual infections.…”

Section: Human Cysticercosis/neurocysticercosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been known for some time that many serologically positive pigs are found to have no cysts when necropsied . More recent and comprehensive data have confirmed that the great majority of rural pigs that are serologically positive for porcine cysticercosis are found to have no cysticerci at necropsy . In studies where sequential serum samples have been obtained from pigs in T. solium endemic rural areas prior to them being necropsied and found to have no cysts, the animals were commonly shown to seroconvert from negative to positive and back to negative .…”

Section: Porcine Cysticercosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the outcomes of interventions against Taenia solium: options and suggestions

Lightowlers

Garcı́a

Gauci

et al. 2016

Parasite Immunology

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SummaryThere is an increasing interest in reducing the incidence of human neurocysticercosis, caused by infection with the larval stage of Taenia solium. Several intervention trials are currently assessing various options for control of T. solium transmission. A critical aspect of these trials will be the evaluation of whether the interventions have been successful. However, there is no consensus about the most appropriate or valuable methods that should be used. Here, we undertake a critical assessment of the diagnostic tests which are currently available for human T. solium taeniasis and human and porcine cysticercosis, as well as their suitability for evaluation of intervention trial outcomes. Suggestions are made about which of the measures that are available for evaluation of T. solium interventions would be most suitable, and which methodologies are the most appropriate given currently available technologies. Suggestions are also made in relation to the most urgent research needs in order to address deficiencies in current diagnostic methods.

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Complexities in using sentinel pigs to study Taenia solium transmission dynamics under field conditions

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional abattoir study

Taenia hydatigena in pigs in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional abattoir study

Overview of Taenia solium cysticercosis in West Africa

Monitoring the outcomes of interventions against Taenia solium: options and suggestions

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