Complex spinel titanate nanowires for a high rate lithium-ion battery

Abstract

Complex spinel titanate Li 2 MTi 3 O 8 (M ¼ Co, Zn, Co 0.5 Zn 0.5 ) nanowires have been synthesized via a simple synthetic route using titanate nanowires as a precursor. The nanowires are highly crystalline and have been used for the first time as the anode material in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The battery has exhibited a highly reversible charge-discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability, even at a current density as high as 3.2 A g À1 . This result can be attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of spinel Li 2 MTi 3 O 8 nanowires. A three-dimensional network could provide a diffusion space for lithium ion insertion into and extraction from the anode material, resulting in very good cycle performance, even at a high rate.

Structure, Stoichiometry, and Electrochemical Performance of Li2CoTi3O8 as an Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Assuming , was also found in other reported studies. [29,30] The stoichiometry of Li 2 CoTi 3 O 8 is worth reconsidering seriously.…”

“…[30] The voltage plateaus at 0.38 and 1.62 V are reversible, and correspond to the lithium insertion/extraction processes into/from Li 2 CoTi 3 O 8 material. [29,30] The cycling performance of the Li 2 CoTi 3 O 8 electrode at 100 mA g À1 is shown in Figure 6b. The synthesized Li 2 CoTi 3 O 8 material exhibits a high reversible specific capacity of about 320 mA h g À1 and an excellent cycling stability.…”

“…[36] Furthermore, the progressive and reversible formation of a polymeric layer on the particle surface should make some contribution to the enhanced capacity. [37][38][39] The whole electrode reaction should be related to the Ti 4 + /Ti 3 + , [29] Co 3 + /Co 2 + , and Co 4 + /Co 2 + redox processes. Assuming , was also found in other reported studies.…”

“…The Li 2 CoTi 3 O 8 nanowires prepared by Wei's [29] and Xiao's [30] groups by using titanate nanowires as precursor or through an electrospinning method exhibited a high reversible charge/discharge capacity of about 230 mA h g…”

Synthesis and characterization of Li2Zn0.6Cu0.4Ti3O8 anode material via a sol-gel method

“…More recently, spinel structure Li 2 MTi 3 O 8 (M = Zn, Ni) [6][7][8], have been investigated and exhibits good cycling stability and excellent high-rate performances. Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 with a space group P 4332 , can be described as (Li 0.5 Zn 0.5 ) tet [Li 0.5 Ti 1.5 ] oct O 4 , and a three dimensional network is formed in such a structure, where Li and Zn atoms are located in tetrahedral sites forming tunnels [9]. Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 can accommodate Li with a theoretic capacity of 227 mA h g À1 , and it has lower discharge voltage plateau around 0.5 V, which can avoid lithium dendrite formation [8][9].…”