Complete mitochondrial genome of the red-spotted tokay gecko (<i>Gekko gecko</i>, Reptilia: Gekkonidae): Comparison of red- and black-spotted tokay geckos

Xin, Qin; Fang, Qian; Zeng, De-Long; Liu, Xiaocan; Li, Huimin

doi:10.3109/19401736.2011.636440

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Taken together with our study and several morphological, behavioral, and genetic studies as discussed above (Zhang et al, 1997;Yu et al, 2000Yu et al, , 2011Yuan and Li, 2008;Qin et al, 2009Qin et al, , 2011Peng et al, 2010Peng et al, , 2011Gu et al, 2011;Rö sler et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012), we proposed that the black tokay from southern China should be regarded as a species. Besides the possible taxonomic division between the black tokay and the red tokay, three relatively deeply divergent lineages of the red tokay (Subclade A2, Clade B, and Clade C) were revealed in the phylogenetic tree.…”

Section: Taxonomic Considerationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…By analyzing Cyt b genes of the black tokay and the red tokay from China, Vietnam, and Laos, Qin et al (2007) found that the average divergence between the two tokays was 8.6 -9.5% and thus proposed that these two tokays might had been separated at the subspecies level or species level. This subspecies conclusion was further confirmed by analyzing two complete mitochondrial genomes from a black tokay and a red tokay (Qin et al, 2011). In addition to the divergence in mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite DNA had already demonstrated that these two tokays were genetically different (Peng et al, 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Genetic variability of the tokay gecko based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA

et al. 2013

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With largely allopatric distribution, the black tokay and the red tokay are two distinct morphs of the subspecies Gekko gecko gecko. In consideration of their different morphological characteristics, the taxonomic status of G. g. gecko is disputed. Through detailed morphological comparison, it has been proposed that the black tokay should be elevated to species ranking, but without strong genetic evidence. In order to further investigate the taxonomic status of the tokay gecko (G. gecko), we used one mitochondrial marker (ND2) and three nuclear markers (RAG1, c-mos, and ITS2) to explore the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship of the tokay gecko. Our results revealed a deep phylogeographical divergence in tokay gecko and at the same time provided us with the evidence of possible introgressive hybridization or/and incomplete lineage sorting between the black tokay and the red tokay. The elevation of the black tokay to species level is also supported by our results. However, due to limited sampling and genetic data, this elevation should be further corroborated by more genetic evidence.

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Section: Taxonomic Considerationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Genetic variability of the tokay gecko based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA

et al. 2013

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“…Whole mitochondrial genome of L. agilis was amplified with 15 pairs of primers and was completely sequenced by experimental protocols that are routinely used in a laboratory (Qin et al, 2011). The complete mitochondrial genome of L. agilis consists of 17,090 bp (GenBank accession number: KC990830) and including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes, and a non-coding control region (D-loop).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complete mitochondrial genome ofLacerta agilis(Squamata, Lacertidae)

et al. 2013

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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Lacerta agilis was determined in the present paper. The genome was 17,090 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region (CR). The gene composition and order of which was similar to most other Squamate reptiles. The overall base composition of the genome in descending order was 31.29% A, 26. 39% C, 29.01% T and 13.29% G, with a slight AT bias of 60.30%. CR is located between the tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe genes and is 1688 bp in length, some tandem repeat sequences and conserved elements (CSB1-3) were found in the control region.

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“…Black-spotted Tokay Geckos are the authentic medical material while red-spotted Tokay Geckos are a substitute [1,44]. Numerous studies show signi cant differences between the blackspotted and red-spotted Tokay Geckos based on vocalization analyses, 12S rRNA gene sequences, complete mitochondrial genome and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences, nuclear DNA information, karyotypes, and microsatellite loci analyses [45,[46][47][48][49][50]. Furthermore, Qin, Zhang, and Kongbuntad found that G. gecko were genetically diverse in relation to their geographical distribution [51][52][53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific DNA Mini-Barcoding for Identification of Gekko Gecko and Its Products

Ding

Yao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The dry body of the Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is the source of a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it is therefore listed as a Class II protected animal species in China. Due to increasing market demand and a declining supply of the species, a considerable number of adulterants have emerged in the market. Thus, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method of identification for distinguishing G. gecko from its adulterants and for separating it from highly processed products.Methods: A total of 274 COI sequences were analyzed by using MEGA 5.0 software. Several specific primers were designed to amplify mini-barcode regions and identify G. gecko from its counterfeits and products.Results: 274 COI sequences of 16 G. gecko species and adulterants were analyzed. G. gecko could be distinguished from its adulterants through BLAST analysis, intra- and inter-specific distance analyses, and an NJ tree based on COI sequences. Two pairs of specific primers designed for this study, COISF2/COISR2 and COISF3/COISR3, amplified 200- and 133-bp fragments of the COI region, respectively, both of which were suitable for the identification of G. gecko and its adulterants. Furthermore, COISF3/COISR3 detected G. gecko in 15 batches of products.Conclusion: Therefore, the specific DNA mini-barcoding method developed here may be a powerful tool for the identification of G. gecko and counterfeits, and may also be used to distinguish G. gecko from its highly processed by-products.

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Complete mitochondrial genome of the red-spotted tokay gecko (Gekko gecko, Reptilia: Gekkonidae): Comparison of red- and black-spotted tokay geckos

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic variability of the tokay gecko based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA

Genetic variability of the tokay gecko based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA

Complete mitochondrial genome ofLacerta agilis(Squamata, Lacertidae)

Specific DNA Mini-Barcoding for Identification of Gekko Gecko and Its Products

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