Complete genome characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 from a commercial quail flock in Egypt

Arafa, Abdel-Satar; Hagag, Naglaa M.; Erfan, Ahmed M.; Mady, Wessam; El-Husseiny, Mohamed H.; Adel, Amany; Nasef, Soad A.

doi:10.1007/s11262-012-0775-0

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This was previously shown in other studies in which Egyptian H9N2 viruses were analyzed [2, 3, 38]. However, these studies were based on the analysis of the full or partial genome of a single strain [2, 3] or a small number of completely sequenced viruses [38]. Our analysis included a larger number of viruses isolated over a longer period of time and included more-detailed analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Furthermore, various studies have shown that internal viral proteins are important in determining the host range of influenza A viruses [9]. Several distinct molecular markers that are associated with virus transmission and adaptation to mammalian host were identified in Egyptian isolates [3, 38]. H9N2 viruses have acquired many substitutions associated with virulence in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013

et al. 2014

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Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has been circulating in the Middle East since the 1990s. For uncertain reasons, H9N2 was not detected in Egyptian farms until the end of 2010. Circulation of H9N2 viruses in Egyptian poultry in the presence of the enzootic highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype adds a huge risk factor to the Egyptian poultry industry. In this study, 22 H9N2 viruses collected from 2011 to 2013 in Egypt were isolated and sequenced. The genomic signatures and protein sequences of these isolates were analyzed. Multiple mammalian-host-associated mutations were detected that favor transmission from avian to mammalian hosts. Other mutations related to virulence were also identified. Phylogenetic data showed that Egyptian H9N2 viruses were closely related to viruses isolated from neighboring Middle Eastern countries, and their HA gene resembled those of viruses of the G1-like lineage. No reassortment was detected with H5N1 subtypes. Serological analysis of H9N2 virus revealed antigenic conservation among Egyptian isolates. Accordingly, continuous surveillance that results in genetic and antigenic characterization of H9N2 in Egypt is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013

et al. 2014

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“…In 2003, the H9N2 samples have been collected from live bird markets then characterized in the USA by the help of NAMRU [6]. The first publication for isolation of H9N2 from Egypt was at 2011 which isolated from commercial bobwhite quail [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first publication for isolation of H9N2 from Egypt was at 2011 which isolated from commercial bobwhite quail [7]. The hemagglutinin gene sequence of the isolated Egyptian viruses showed the highest similarity with one of the recent Israeli strains (97%) detected from 2006 to 2010 [6]. Now H9N2 subtype AIVs vaccination has been used to face the field outbreaks [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of mucosal nanoparticles and polymer-based inactivated vaccine for Newcastle disease and H9N2 AI viruses

2017

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Aim:To develop a mucosal inactivated vaccines for Newcastle disease (ND) and H9N2 viruses to protect against these viruses at sites of infections through mucosal immunity.Materials and Methods:In this study, we prepared two new formulations for mucosal bivalent inactivated vaccine formulations for Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) based on the use of nanoparticles and polymer adjuvants. The prepared vaccines were delivered via intranasal and spray routes of administration in specific pathogen-free chickens. Cell-mediated and humoral immune response was measured as well as challenge trial was carried out. In addition, ISA71 water in oil was also evaluated.Results:Our results showed that the use of spray route as vaccination delivery method of polymer and nanoparticles Montanide™ adjuvants revealed that it enhanced the cell mediated immune response as indicated by phagocytic activity, gamma interferon and interleukin 6 responses and induced protection against challenge with Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9N2) viruses.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrate the potentiality of polymer compared to nanoparticles adjuvantes when used via spray route. Mass application of such vaccines will add value to improve the vaccination strategies against ND virus and Avian influenza viruses.

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“…Only one H5N1 virus was isolated in 2006 from a resident great egret [14]. In 2011, H9N2 virus was isolated from both quail and chicken farms in Egypt [15]. Investigation of wild bird infection might provide an early warning sign of potential novel AIV, circulating in the nearby poultry industry and even in human society because LPAIV infection of wild birds can evolve into HPAIV once introduced into poultry [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of avian influenza infection in wild birds in Ismailia and Damietta cities, Egypt

Fadel

Afifi

2017

Vet World

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Aim:This study was carried out to monitor avian influenza (AI) infection in wild birds in Egypt.Materials and Methods:A total of 135 wild birds were examined for the presence of H5, H7, and H9 hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Organs and swab samples of 75 birds were screened by multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) to detect AI subtypes H5, H7, and H9 matrix genes.Results:The highest seropositive result was recorded in cattle egrets (90.9%) followed by crows (88.6%), semi-captive pigeons (44.8%), and moorhens (39.1%). In cattle egrets, semi-captive pigeons and moorhens, H5 antibodies predominated. In crows, H9 antibodies predominated. Multiple infections with two or three virus subtypes were highest in crows (6/39, 15.4%) followed by cattle egrets (3/30, 10%) and moorhens’ (1/9, 11.1%) positive samples. Multiplex RRT-PCR results revealed two positive samples in cattle egrets and moorhens.Conclusion:The results indicated high seropositive rates against AI virus subtypes H5 and H9 in the examined wild birds. Multiple infections with more than one AI virus (AIV) subtypes were detected in some birds. This requires a collaboration of efforts to monitor AIV infection in wild birds and implement suitable early intervention measures.

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Complete genome characterization of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 from a commercial quail flock in Egypt

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013

Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013

Preparation of mucosal nanoparticles and polymer-based inactivated vaccine for Newcastle disease and H9N2 AI viruses

Investigation of avian influenza infection in wild birds in Ismailia and Damietta cities, Egypt

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