Compendium of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) Test Results for the Europa Clipper Mission

Bozovich, Amanda N.; Rax, B.G.; Davila, J. M.; Nguyen, Duc T.; Kenna, Aaron J.; Zajac, Stephanie; McClure, S.; Thomas, J. L.; Scheick, Leif; Stanford, Kelly W.; Gevargiz, Patrick; Sundgaard, Mitch J.

doi:10.1109/nsrec.2018.8584267

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma radiation dose was approximately 40 kGy/h(H 2 O) while the thermal neutron dose was 0.8 × 10 12 cm −2 s −1 . Here the gamma TID of 300 kGy is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the 3 kGy immunity requirements for the Europa Clipper Mission 30 . Following the reactor irradiation, the pMTJ samples were removed from the reactor core and placed in a shielded lead cave to allow the radioactive isotopes generated in the samples to decay.…”

Section: Results Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In this Article, we report experimental studies of the effect of extreme doses of ionizing gamma and neutron radiation on nanoscale pMTJs, whose dimensions and magnetic anisotropy are very similar to those currently employed in STT-MRAM technology. To put the ionization radiation used in this study into perspective, the largest total ionizing dose (TID) we subject the pMTJs to is 100× greater than what is required for the inter-planetary Europa Clipper Mission 30 . This mission aims to send a radiation tolerant spacecraft into orbit of Jupiter that needs to survive 40-50 flybys in the particularly severe radiation environment of the Jovian moon Europa 31 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to ionizing radiation

Montoya

Chen

Ngelale

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (Stt-MRAM) is a promising candidate for next generation memory as it is non-volatile, fast, and has unlimited endurance. Another important aspect of Stt-MRAM is that its core component, the nanoscale magnetic tunneling junction (MtJ), is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. However, studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the STT-MRAM writing process are lacking for MTJs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (pMtJs) required for scalable applications. particularly, the question of the impact of extreme total ionizing dose on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which plays a crucial role on thermal stability and critical writing current, remains open. Here we report measurements of the impact of high doses of gamma and neutron radiation on nanoscale pMtJs used in Stt-MRAM. We characterize the tunneling magnetoresistance, the magnetic field switching, and the currentinduced switching before and after irradiation. our results demonstrate that all these key properties of nanoscale MtJs relevant to Stt-MRAM applications are robust against ionizing radiation. Additionally, we perform experiments on thermally driven stochastic switching in the gamma ray environment. these results indicate that nanoscale MtJs are promising building blocks for radiation-hard non-von neumann computing. Spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a next-generation non-volatile memory technology 1-4 that has the advantage of fast write times 5-7 , relatively low power consumption 8-11 , and shows promise of scalability down to at least 7 nm CMOS technology node 12,13. STT-MRAM has already found its applications in the form of stand-alone nonvolatile memory 14 , and efforts to realize embedded versions of STT-MRAM are under way 15,16. The core component of STT-MRAM is a nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) 17-19 that consists of ferromagnetic metallic layers separated by a non-magnetic insulating tunnel barrier as illustrated in Fig. 1(a). Since the MTJ does not contain semiconductor components, STT-MRAM can be radiation hard, i.e. robust to the effects of ionizing radiation. This makes STT-MRAM potentially attractive for applications in space and military technologies, particle accelerators, and nuclear reactors 20,21. In fact previous studies have shown the promise of the radiation hardness of MTJs 22-24 ; however, the effects of ionizing radiation on spin transfer torque switching in MTJs with properties required for scalable STT-MRAM technology have not been experimentally studied. An STT-MRAM bit is written by a current pulse that applies spin torque 25 to magnetization of the free layer ferromagnet and reverses its direction thereby changing the relative alignment of magnetic moments of the free and pinned layers of the MTJ between parallel and antiparallel 26-28. This free layer switching leads to a change of the MTJ resistance due to the tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) effect 28 , which allows resi...

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Section: Results Perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to ionizing radiation

Montoya

Chen

Ngelale

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the electronics for the Europa Imaging System (EIS) instrument on the Europa Clipper mission use radiation tolerant FPGAs and H-bridge circuits for motor control which are rated to 300 krad total dose to survive that mission's expected 150 krad environment inside the spacecraft radiation shield vault. This tolerance level would be sufficient for an Enceladus mission profile and could be supplemented for a Europa mission profile with the addition of physical shielding, as implemented on Europa Clipper and Juno missions (Spaulding and Eremenko, 2015;Bozovich et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the radiation requirements for ocean world missions are much higher. Radiation tests will be performed to upper levels of 300 krad total ionizing dose (TID) to simulate the radiation under shielding that is expected at Europa with a 2-fold factor of safety (150 krad nominal level for design) based on the Europa Lander Report's design for Europa's surface environment (Hand et al, 2017;Bozovich et al, 2018). Additionally, the Europa Clipper mission instrument payload has shielding, electromechanical hardware, spacecraft electronics, and materials tested for operation within this harsh environment, of which the BioPOW design will draw from (Bozovich et al, 2018;Centurelli et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation tests will be performed to upper levels of 300 krad total ionizing dose (TID) to simulate the radiation under shielding that is expected at Europa with a 2-fold factor of safety (150 krad nominal level for design) based on the Europa Lander Report's design for Europa's surface environment (Hand et al, 2017;Bozovich et al, 2018). Additionally, the Europa Clipper mission instrument payload has shielding, electromechanical hardware, spacecraft electronics, and materials tested for operation within this harsh environment, of which the BioPOW design will draw from (Bozovich et al, 2018;Centurelli et al, 2018). Future prototypes will focus on replacing the 3D-printed materials with polymer, glass, or metal-based manifolds, switching to reagent introduction via direct injection into the manifold, and performing environmental testing in thermal vacuum chambers and on reduced gravity flights to continue optimizing performance and raising the TRL of the system for space flight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosignature preparation for ocean worlds (BioPOW) instrument prototype

Duval,

Van Volkenburg,

Craft

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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In situ sampling missions to detect biosignatures on ocean worlds requires thorough sample preparation to manage the expected chemical complexity of such environments. Proposed instruments must be capable of automatic liquid sample handling to ensure sensitive and accurate detections of biosignatures, regardless of the initial chemical composition. Herein, we outline the design, build, and test of the integrated Biosignature Preparation for Ocean Worlds (BioPOW) system capable of purifying amino acids from icy samples. This four step modular instrument 1) melts ice samples, 2) purifies amino acids via cation exchange chromatography, 3) concentrates via vacuum drying, and 4) derivatizes amino acids to volatilize and enable detection with downstream analytical instruments. Initial experiments validated the thermal performance of the system by melting ice in the sample cup (1 mL sample, 3°C–28°C, <5 min, 1.4 kJ) and heating the derivatization tank past the concentration temperature (20°C–60°C, 12 min, 3.6 kJ) to the derivatization temperature (60°C–90°C, 25 min, 7.5 kJ). Later experiments investigated important factors for automatic cation exchange using a design of experiments approach, and found that initial salt concentration, sample and eluate flow rates, and water wash volumes all play significant roles in reducing conductivity (1.1 x–6.7 x) while maintaining phenylalanine yields between 31% and 94%. The modules were then integrated into a 12 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm fieldable platform for analysis, and the maturation of this design for future spaceflight is discussed.

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Methods for Increasing the Speed of the Analog Interfaces for Physical Quantity Sensors Based on Radiation-Hardened and Low-Temperature Technologies

Bugakova

Ivanov

2020

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The main circuitry methods for improving dynamic parameters in the large signal operation of the analog sensor interfaces (ASI) used in the instrumentation and automatic control systems are compared in the article. It is shown that the existing methods for increasing the slew rate (SR) of the ASI based on the operational amplifier (OA) are associated with the increase in the gain-crossover frequency of the OA due to the higher-frequency technologies (i.e., SiGe), or with the expansion of the range of active operation of the input subcircuit included before the integrating capacitor of the OA. A method for increasing the SR of the inverting ASI with an OA input stage of the dual-input class is proposed. The basis of the method lies in the introduction of two differentiating correction circuits (DCC) into the classical OA circuit, which in the large signal operation form additional overcharge currents of the integrating capacitance of the OA correction. In this case, the DCCs practically do not affect the low-signal amplitude-frequency characteristic of the OA. Such OAs have low current consumption in static mode and can be performed on the basis of standard processes, including radiation-hardened and low-temperature ones (CMOS, SOI, SOS, BiJFet, BJT, SiGe and others). The BJT OA computer simulation results show that the inverting ASI SR increases from 170 to 1800 V/μs. We consider the promising architectures of the high-speed OAs with the DCCs providing an increase in the SR in both inverting and non-inverting ASIs. The proposed ASI circuitry is designed to be used in automation devices and control systems, including nuclear and energy facilities.

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Compendium of Total Ionizing Dose (TID) Test Results for the Europa Clipper Mission

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Immunity of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to ionizing radiation

Immunity of nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to ionizing radiation

Biosignature preparation for ocean worlds (BioPOW) instrument prototype

Methods for Increasing the Speed of the Analog Interfaces for Physical Quantity Sensors Based on Radiation-Hardened and Low-Temperature Technologies

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