Compatibility of Metarhizium anisopliae with liposoluble photoprotectants and protective effect evaluation against solar radiation

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to analyze the compatibility of the Metarhizium anisopliae JAB 68 isolate with liposoluble photoprotectants and the photoprotection conferred to its conidia. The fungus was cultivated in a medium with the photoprotectants Neo Heliopan ® BB, Neo Heliopan ® E 1000, Eusolex ® 6007 and Neo Heliopan ® AV in various concentrations. Vegetative growth, sporulation and germination were assessed to determine compatibility. Then, conidia were suspended in oil containing the compatible photoprotectants, in their respective concentrations, and exposed to 0-7 hours of light from a solar simulator operating at 1,000 W m -2 . Neo Heliopan BB ® and Neo Heliopan ® E 1000 were compatible with M. anisopliae at 2% and 1%, respectively. Eusolex ® 6007 and Neo Heliopan ® AV were compatible up to 8% a 7%, respectively. Conidia exposed to radiation from the solar simulator, with photoprotectant-free oil as its carrier, presented germination of 78.12% after five hours. When adding any photoprotectant to the conidia oily suspension, the germination percentage was always higher than that obtained in the control. Neo Heliopan ® BB at 1 and 2% and Neo Heliopan ® AV at 0.5% increased the germination. After 7 hours of exposure the germination percentages were 93.77, 94.55 and 98.82%, respectively. Eusolex ® 6007 was not as efficient as previous products, but in the same exposure period was able to protect the conidia (88.60% germination) when used at a 1% concentration. Adding photoprotectants in oily formulations of M. anisopliae protects against the harmful effects of UV radiation contributing to the fungus efficiency in the field.

Color Image Landscape Photo Hand-Painted Effect Evaluation with PFA Algorithm

“…Relying on the color fusion of the human eye neural network, the color fusion of the image can be carried out based on YIQ. It can further identify the target and locate [14][15][16].…”

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“…Los parasitoides emergidos, se recolectaron y se conservaron en etanol al 70 %, para después ser clasificadas de acuerdo con las claves taxonómicas de Wharton et al (1997), con la ayuda de un estereoscopio (Leica G26). El porcentaje de parasitismo, se calculó con importance (Zhang et al, 2016;Mochi et al, 2017).…”

“…La actividad biológica de este género, ha sido ampliamente evaluada por ser de gran importancia agrícola (Zhang et al, 2016;Mochi et al, 2017…”

Toxicity of β-(1→3,1→6)-ᴅ-glucans produced by Diaporthe sp. endophytes on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin assessed by conidia germination speed parameter

“…Metarhizium anisopliae cells may be used as model-system for toxicity assays of chemical products (Almeida et al 2014). In this context, the germination speed of M. anisopliae conidia has been employed to evaluate the effects of nutritional and physical factors, and the toxicity or compatibility of pharmaceutical and agricultural-interest substances (Rangel, Alston and Roberts 2008, Alves et al 2011, Akbar et al 2012, Tonussi et al 2012, Bulla et al 2013, Fabrice et al 2013, Almeida et al 2014, Mochi et al 2017, Sohrabi et al 2019. Current study employs M. anisopliae conidia germination speed as a parameter for the evaluation of the toxicity of β-(1→3,1→6)-ᴅ-glucans secreted by Diaporthe sp.…”