Compassion and suppression in caregivers: twin masks of tragedy and joy of caring

Merlo, Emanuele Maria; McNabney, Sean M.; Frisone, Fabio; Sicari, Federica; Păunică, Mihai; Motofei, Cătălina; Salvatore, Silvia

doi:10.22543/7674.71.p6168

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The risk of developing and exacerbating psychological distress is particularly relevant in the time of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which is proven to have significant clinical consequences psychological distress and post-traumatic symptoms observed in both general and clinical populations (25)(26)(27)(28). Accompanying their widely demonstrated relevance, the assessment of defense mechanisms has attained the interest of psychologists and psychiatrists from different background, necessitating the development of reliable and valid measures for their assessment (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Despite remarkable research progress in defense mechanisms assessment done in the past decades (34)(35)(36)(37)(38), only few measures refers to the gold-standard theory of defense mechanisms hierarchy proposed clearly by Vaillant (39)(40)(41), and operationalized in the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (42,43) and its recent Q-sort version (DMRS-Q) (44).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Reliability and Validity of the DMRS-SR-30, a Novel Self-Report Measure Based on the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales

et al. 2020

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Defense mechanisms are psychological factors that influence emotional distress and quality of life. There are a number of measures assessing the construct of defense mechanisms, but only few available instruments reflect the gold-standard theoretical hierarchical organization of defenses. We report on the development of a novel 30 item self-report questionnaire, the DMRS-SR-30, based on the parent instrument, the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales (DMRS). This study tested preliminary reliability and validity of the Italian version of the DMRS-SR-30. We first extracted 30 items from the DMRS Q-sort version (DMRS-Q) and adapted them for a self-reported format. We then applied the DMRS quantitative scoring algorithms to provide proportional scores for the 28 individual defenses and summary scores for seven defense levels and overall defensive functioning (ODF) scores. A dynamic interview was used for assessing participant’s defense mechanisms with the observer-rated DMRS and DMRS-Q. We examined internal consistency of the scales along with criterion, concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity among participants (N = 94) who completed the DMRS-SR-30, SCL-90, BDI, and IES-R. Results showed very good internal consistency for ODF (Cronbach’s alpha = .890) and the high adaptive defense level, whereas some subscales with few items had lower values. Correlation analyses between DMRS-SR-30 and the two DMRS-based observer-rated measures showed very good criterion and concurrent validity for ODF and moderate to high for defense levels subscales. Correlations between the DMRS-SR-30 ODF and SCL-90 GSI, BDI and IES=R (r = −.456, r= −.540, r = −.402, respectively, all p <.001), indicated good convergent validity. Despite the well-known limitations of self-report methods of psychodynamic phenomena, self-report measures are highly practicable for assessing large samples. The DMRS-SR-30 is the first self-assessed measure describing the whole hierarchy of 28 defense mechanisms and providing scores for ODF, defensive categories, defense levels, and individual defenses. Preliminary examination of the Italian version of the DMRS-SR-30 showed promising results of internal consistency, criterion and concurrent validity, and convergent validity and of the measure. Further validation is needed to confirm these findings and explore other aspects of validity and reliability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Reliability and Validity of the DMRS-SR-30, a Novel Self-Report Measure Based on the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales

et al. 2020

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“…Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Raccichini, et al (2009) Penelitian ini menemukan hasil yang berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai hubungan usia dan burnout. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan antara usia dan burnout memperoleh nilai -value= 0.6733 atau -value > 0.05, yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan burnout Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa burnout meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia (Llorent & Ruiz, 2016;Yıldızhan, et al, 2018;Merlo, et al, 2020;Szlenk-Czyczerska, et al, 2020). Alves, et al (2019) juga menyatakan bahwa family caregiver yang lebih tua menjadi orang tua yang merawat orang yang lebih tua dimana ia sendiri membutuhkan bantuan.…”

Section: Metodeunclassified

Hubungan antara Burden of Care dan Burnout pada Family Caregiver Orang dengan Demensia

Wijaya

Fun²

2022

Humanitas

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Orang dengan demensia (ODD) memerlukan seorang caregiver, biasanya merupakan anggota keluarga, untuk merawatnya. Family Caregiver seringkali memiliki pekerjaan lain selain sebagai caregiver. Hal ini menyebabkan Family Caregiver mengalami berbagai situasi yang penuh tekanan, yang dapat dipersepsikan sebagai burden of care. Burden of care ini dapat menjadi risiko terjadinya burnout. Penelitian ini berlandaskan pada teori caregiver burden (Zarit, 1986) dan burnout (Maslach, 2003). Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Family Caregiver ODD di Komunitas Alzheimer sebanyak 40 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dimana peneliti memilih responden sesuai kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner MBI-HSS (validitas: 0.364-0.832 dan reliabilitas: 0.91) serta kuesioner ZBI-12 (validitas: 0.325-0.905 dan reliabilitas: 0.926). Kedua kuesioner dimodifikasi sesuai dengan karakteristik partisipan. Uji korelasi spearman’s rho dengan SPSS 23 digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan burden of care dan burnout. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi, diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.899 dengan r=0.00, yang artinya terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara burden of care dan burnout pada family caregiver ODD di Komunitas Alzheimer. Kemudian, satu-satunya variabel Sosiodemografi yang berhubungan dengan burnout pada penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin.

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“…It has been found that a high level of exposure to pain and suffering, indicated by an increased number of working days per week, is negatively associated with compassion satisfaction. However, it is positively associated with burnout and secondary traumatic stress ( 20 ). Furthermore, a high level of compassion satisfaction has been found to be positively related to a low level of compassion fatigue symptomatology ( 18 , 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Romanian emergency medicine personnel

Hăisan,

Hogaș,

Măirean

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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BackgroundContemporary scientific literature has emphasized two specific aspects of healthcare professionals: compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has placed significant strain on health systems and healthcare workers, the Russian-Ukrainian crisis appears to have a magnifying effect, particularly on mental health.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between threat perception, daily worries, and professional quality of life in a sample of Emergency Medicine Personnel during two major events mentioned above. The sample included 372 participants (56.7% nurses and 43.3% physicians) from emergency units in five county hospitals in the Eastern region of Romania.ResultsThe study revealed that threats related to the pandemic were positively linked to secondary traumatic stress, and daily worries were positively linked to both secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Threats generated by the war did not manifest a direct relation with any of the indicators of professional quality of life, but daily worries generated by war positively predicted both secondary traumatic stress and burnout.ConclusionBoth the pandemic, which involved cumulative exposure, and the war, which involved a lower and more distant level of exposure, had the potential to generate worries and predict a low quality of life. However, our results did not reveal any association between threats, worries, and compassion satisfaction. As a result, this positive indicator of quality of life remained stable despite the presence of threats and worries.

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Compassion and suppression in caregivers: twin masks of tragedy and joy of caring

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Preliminary Reliability and Validity of the DMRS-SR-30, a Novel Self-Report Measure Based on the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales

Preliminary Reliability and Validity of the DMRS-SR-30, a Novel Self-Report Measure Based on the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales

Hubungan antara Burden of Care dan Burnout pada Family Caregiver Orang dengan Demensia

Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Romanian emergency medicine personnel

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