Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpene saponins and chemometrics analysis

Tao, Weiwei; Duan, Jin‐Ao; Zhao, Runhuai; Li, Xueyu; Yan, Hui; Li, Jianping; Guo, Sheng; Yang, Nian‐Yun; Tang, Yuping

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.073

Cited by 66 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…22–24 However, as demonstrated above, macroscopic identification is insufficient to detect Glycyrrhiza hybrids. All licorice roots/rhizomes are similar macroscopically and microscopically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Profiling and Classification of DNA-Authenticated Licorice Botanicals

et al. 2015

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Raw licorice roots represent heterogeneous materials obtained from mainly three Glycyrrhiza species. G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata exhibit marked metabolite differences in terms of flavanones (Fs), chalcones (Cs), and other phenolic constituents. The principal objective of this work was to develop complementary chemometric models for the metabolite profiling, classification, and quality control of authenticated licorice. A total of 51 commercial and macroscopically verified samples were DNA authenticated. Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were performed on 1H NMR spectra and area under the curve values obtained from UHPLC-UV chromatograms, respectively. The developed chemometric models enable the identification and classification of Glycyrrhiza species according to their composition in major Fs, Cs, and species specific phenolic compounds. Further key outcomes demonstrated that DNA authentication combined with chemometric analyses enabled the characterization of mixtures, hybrids, and species outliers. This study provides a new foundation for the botanical and chemical authentication, classification, and metabolomic characterization of crude licorice botanicals and derived materials. Collectively, the proposed methods offer a comprehensive approach for the quality control of licorice as one of the most widely used botanical dietary supplements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Profiling and Classification of DNA-Authenticated Licorice Botanicals

et al. 2015

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“…10,11) High variability is known to exist in most bioactive components among the different licorice genotypes, 3,12,13) and even among different plants growing in the same location. 9,14) Meanwhile, environmental factors such as moisture, 15,16) sunlight, 1,16) mineral nutrition, 17) etc.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Licorice is one of the most important industrial materials for pharmaceuticals, 6) and the total amount of import and export in China reached 13960 t in 2011.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1,2) Biological activities of licorice have been attributed to triterpene saponins, various types of flavonoids, such as glycyrrhizin (GL), liquiritin (LQ), liquiritigenin (LQG), isoliquiritin (ILQ) and isoliquiritigenin (ILQG), and other bioactive components, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-allergenic, anti-ulcer and anti-oxidative properties, and are also believed to have chemopreventive activity against cancer and AIDS. [3][4][5] Licorice is one of the most important industrial materials for pharmaceuticals, 6) and the total amount of import and export in China reached 13960 t in 2011. 7) More than 90% of total licorice production in 2005 was Glycyrrhiza uralensis.…”

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Effect of Genotype and Environment on Five Bioactive Components of Cultivated Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Populations in Northern China

Wang

Wei

et al. 2015

Biological ^|^ Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Methods to improve the bioactive component content of cultivated licorice have become the bottleneck of industrial licorice extraction for pharmaceutical use. To evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on major bioactive components, we analyzed the five bioactive components: liquiritin (LQ), liquiritigenin (LQG), glycyrrhizin (GL), isoliquiritin (ILQ) and isoliquiritigenin (ILQG) of four diverse licorice varieties grown in four distinct environments in northern China during 2010-11. Analysis of variance showed that environmental and genotypic effects were significant (p<0.01) for all five bioactive components. Additionally, their interaction was significant (p<0.05) for GL in the 2-year study period. LQ and ILQ were mainly affected by genetic factors and have great potential for genetic improvement, whereas LQG and ILQG were mainly affected by environmental factors. GL was similarly affected by environmental and genetic factors. Biplot of the principal component analysis showed that for quality breeding, G2 (WNT-1) and G3 (JX-1) are two relatively preferable genotypes, and E2 (Chifeng) location is suitable for accumulation of the bioactive components of these two genotypes. Stepwise regression analysis showed that sunshine and rainfall are the dominant environmental factors for licorice bioactive component accumulation; increased duration of sunshine is advantageous to GL accumulation whereas declining rainfall is conducive to LQG and ILQG accumulation. These results provide a theoretical basis for initiating licorice breeding programs with increased bioactive components and improved quality.Key words licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis); genotype; environment; bioactive component; geographical location; quality breeding Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH.) belongs to the family Leguminosae, and has been used as a popular herbal medicine for thousands of years in China.1,2) Biological activities of licorice have been attributed to triterpene saponins, various types of flavonoids, such as glycyrrhizin (GL), liquiritin (LQ), liquiritigenin (LQG), isoliquiritin (ILQ) and isoliquiritigenin (ILQG), and other bioactive components, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-allergenic, anti-ulcer and anti-oxidative properties, and are also believed to have chemopreventive activity against cancer and AIDS. [3][4][5] Licorice is one of the most important industrial materials for pharmaceuticals, 6) and the total amount of import and export in China reached 13960 t in 2011.7) More than 90% of total licorice production in 2005 was Glycyrrhiza uralensis. 5)Due to the low content of bioactive components in cultivated populations, licorice is mainly extracted from wild variety despite its limited yield, which has restricted the extent of industrial extraction. With increasing demands for licorice worldwide, wild licorice is unable to meet the global needs. 8)Hence, methods to improve the quality of cultivated licorice have become the bottleneck of industrial licorice extraction. Furthermore, ...

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“…15,16 Quality control of dietary supplements also requires quantitative measurement of chemical constituents in the starting material and in the finished product. In the case of licorice, a variety of analytical methods such as capillary-zone electrophoresis, 17 HPLC-UV, 18–22 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 7 HPLC-mass spectrometry, 10 and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 23–24 have been used to measure chemical constituents in crude extracts, but rarely in the complex matrices of commercial botanical dietary supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Chemical Standardization of Licorice Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements Using UHPLC-MS/MS

Nikolić

Breemen

2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Defined as the roots and underground stems of principally three Glycyrrhiza species, G. glabra L., G.uralensis Fish. ex DC. and G. inflata Batalin, licorice has been used as a medicinal herb for millennia and is marketed as root sticks, powders and extracts. Identity tests described in most pharmacopeial monographs enabled the distinction of Glycyrrhiza species. Accordingly, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay using the method of standard addition was developed to quantify 14 licorice components (liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, licuraside, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glabridin, glycycoumarin, licoricidin, licochalcone A, and p-hydroxybenzylmalonic acid), representing several natural product classes including chalcones, flavanones, saponins, and isoflavonoids. Using this approach, G. glabra, G. uralensis and G. inflata in a variety of forms including root powders and extracts as well as complex dietary supplements could be differentiated and chemically standardized without concerns due to matrix effects.

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Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpene saponins and chemometrics analysis

Cited by 66 publications

References 29 publications

Metabolite Profiling and Classification of DNA-Authenticated Licorice Botanicals

Metabolite Profiling and Classification of DNA-Authenticated Licorice Botanicals

Effect of Genotype and Environment on Five Bioactive Components of Cultivated Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Populations in Northern China

Identification and Chemical Standardization of Licorice Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements Using UHPLC-MS/MS

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