Comparison of three marine screening tests and four Oslo and Paris commission procedures to evaluate toxicity of offshore chemicals

Weideborg, Mona; Vik, Eilen Arctander; Øfjord, Gro D.; Kjønnø, Ocelie

doi:10.1002/etc.5620160238

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Toxicity was not observed following exposure of this test species to the aqueous phases extracted from any of the three sediment samples tested. These results concur with the findings of Weideborg et al (1997) who also demonstrated A. salina to have too low a sensitivity to be considered as an appropriate bioassay organism for screening tests.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Three bacterial bioassays were employed in this study, which allowed the toxicological assessment of both whole sediment (Microtox Ò Solid Phase Test (SPT), Toxi-ChromPad ä ) and sediment porewater and elutriates (Microtox Ò , MetPAD ä ). The marine diatom Skeletonema costatum was chosen to assess the acute toxicity of sediment porewater and elutriates due to its widespread distribution, sensitivity, and availability as an axenic culture (McKinney et al, 1997;Weideborg et al, 1997;Sverdrup et al, 2002). Sediment contamination has previously been investigated following exposure of S. costatum to both sediment porewater (Pederson et al, 1998) and elutriates (Cheung et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Test Battery Approach for the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Estuarine Sediments

Davoren¹,

Shúilleabháin²,

Halloran

et al. 2005

Ecotoxicology

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall sensitivity and applicability of a number of bioassays representing multiple trophic levels, for the preliminary ecotoxicological screening (Tier I) of estuarine sediments. Chemical analyses were conducted on sediments from all sampling sites to assist in interpreting results. As sediment is an inherently complex, heterogeneous geological matrix, the toxicity associated with different exposure routes (solid, porewater and elutriate phases) was also assessed. A stimulatory response was detected following exposure of some sediment phases to both the Microtox and algal bioassays. Of the bioassays and endpoints employed in this study, the algal test was the most responsive to both elutriates and porewaters. Salinity controls, which corresponded to the salinity of the neat porewater samples, were found to have significant effects on the growth of the algae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the inclusion of a salinity control in algal toxicity tests, the results of which emphasise the importance of incorporating appropriate controls in experimental design. While differential responses were observed, the site characterised as the most polluted on the basis of chemical analysis was consistently ranked the most toxic with all test species and all test phases. In terms of identifying appropriate Tier I screening tests for sediments, this study demonstrated both the Microtox and algal bioassays to be more sensitive than the bacterial enzyme assays and the invertebrate lethality assay employing Artemia salina. The findings of this study highlight that salinity effects and geophysical properties need to be taken into account when interpreting the results of the bioassays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test Battery Approach for the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Estuarine Sediments

Davoren¹,

Shúilleabháin²,

Halloran

et al. 2005

Ecotoxicology

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“…The Microtox ® test is considered relatively inexpensive, provides well-reproducible results, and offers a fast testing procedure. The toxicity data obtained with the Microtox ® test correspond well with acute toxicities obtained with standard toxicity tests for many bioassayed samples (Kaiser and Palabrica, 1991;Toussaint et al, 1995;Weideborg et al, 1997). This Microtox ® biotest has been widely used recently to investigate the toxicity of various inorganic and organic compounds in water samples (Trang et al, 2005;Gueune et al, 2009;Katritzky et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study

Mansour

Abdel-Hamid²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2015

JBLS

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test (Microtox ® assay), and the standard acute Daphnia magna test; using 3 heavy metals, 3 organic pesticides, and their mixtures. In Daphnia tests, either at 24h or 30 min exposure times, the pattern of toxicity order for heavy metals was Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the highest toxic at 24h, while Triazophos was the highest toxic at 30 min exposure times.

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“…The algal test that primarily has been used for sediment toxicity testing is the standardized growth inhibition test using microalgae (ISO 2004(ISO , 2006 on elutriate water (e.g. Weideborg et al 1997;Pedersen et al 1998). The draw-back of using microalgae is that floating particles from the sediment may disturb the spectroscopic or fluorometric measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

et al. 2009

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Purpose The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of pleasure boat activities on harbour sediment quality in the Stockholm area. Sediment contamination is a growing ecological issue, and there is consequently a need to use sediment bioassays in combination with chemical analysis to determine the impact on the ecosystem. To generate sediment toxicity data relevant for the Baltic Sea, a secondary objective was to further develop and evaluate two well-established bioassays for saltwater, with the macroalga Ceramium tenuicorne and the crustacean Nitocra spinipes, to be useful also for toxicity testing of whole sediment. A major concern has been to minimize any manipulation of the sediments. A third objective was to assess whether a simple leaching procedure could be used to simulate sediment toxicity by comparing results from whole sediment and leachate tests. Materials and methods Surface sediments (0-2 cm) from five different types of pleasure boat harbours were collected. Chemical measurements of boat related compounds, i.e. tin organic substances (tributyltin (TBT), dibutyl tin, and monobutyl tin), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), copper, zinc, lead, tin and irgarol were conducted. The sediments were tested for toxic effects using the established Microtox® test as well as the developed sediment tests with C. tenuicorne and N. spinipes. The endpoints are growth inhibition for the algal test and for the crustacean test mortality of larvae and rate of development expressed as the ratio between nauplia and copepodites. Two different procedures have been compared with both organisms, i.e. exposure to whole sediment and to leachate. The duration of both tests is around 1 week. Results and discussion All harbour locations were more or less heavily contaminated with remnants from use of antifouling paints. The sediment in a smaller marina (ca. 250 boats) contained the highest levels of TBT (max 1,400 µg/kg dry weight (dw)), whereas the centre of Stockholm City had the highest concentrations of all measured metals (max values Cu 252, Pb 830, Sn 25 and Zn 600 µg/kg dw) as well as high concentrations of total PAH (18 mg/kg dw). All three organisms were well suited to test the toxicity of contaminated sediments and were able to discriminate between more or less polluted sediments. The sediments in the smaller marina were most toxic along with sediments adjacent to slipways and sediments from the centre of Stockholm. No significant difference was found between the two different procedures for the algal tests. The whole sediment test was significantly more toxic to N. spinipes than the test using leachate. Conclusions Our results show that in spite of prohibition for many years to use tin organic substances and copper, boat activities still contribute with high concentrations of these toxic substances from anti-fouling paints in the surface sediment and that these have effects on organisms normally living in this environment. The present study has also demonstrated an expansion of two well-established t...

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Comparison of three marine screening tests and four Oslo and Paris commission procedures to evaluate toxicity of offshore chemicals

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

A Test Battery Approach for the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Estuarine Sediments

A Test Battery Approach for the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Estuarine Sediments

Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

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